Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2 Medicine > Introduction to Surgery of the Hand > Flashcards

Introduction to Surgery of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Palmar fascia

  • Tough layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • Extension of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by palmaris longus (apes)
  • … disease affects this
A
  • Tough layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • Extension of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by palmaris longus (apes)
  • Dupuytren’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Palmar fascia

  • … layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • … of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by palmaris longus (apes)
  • Dupuytren’s disease
A
  • Tough layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • Extension of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by palmaris longus (apes)
  • Dupuytren’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Palmar fascia

  • Tough layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • Extension of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by … longus (apes)
  • Dupuytren’s disease
A
  • Tough layer anchoring skin to skeleton
  • Extension of forearm fascia
  • Tightened by palmaris longus (apes)
  • Dupuytren’s disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In Dupuytren’s disease, what thickens?

A

thickening of palmar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dupuytren’s disease

  • … of fascia
  • Contracture
  • G..
  • Smoking
  • A…
  • Diabetes/epilepsy
A
  • Thickening of fascia
  • Contracture
  • Genetic
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Diabetes/epilepsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dupuytren’s disease

  • What is the risk factor?
A
  • genetic - mainly men (90%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flexor tendons

  • Superficial/deep
  • Single/mass action & nerve supply
  • Flexor …
  • … muscles (unique)
  • Traumatic rupture
  • Trigger fingers
A
  • Superficial/deep
  • Single/mass action & nerve supply
  • Flexor sheath
  • Lumbrical muscles (unique)
  • Traumatic rupture
  • Trigger fingers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flexor tendons

A
  • Superficial/deep
  • Single/mass action & nerve supply
  • Flexor sheath
  • Lumbrical muscles (unique)
    • Traumatic rupture
    • Trigger fingers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The flexor sheath can …

A

rupture - loss of grip function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

… muscles on the flexor tendons

A

Lumbrical muscles on the flexor tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trigger Fingers

  • Catching of tendons at A1 pulley
  • Usually due to degenerate nodule
  • Thickening of sheath
  • What causes it?(3)
A
  • Catching of tendons at A1 pulley
  • Usually due to degenerate nodule
  • Thickening of sheath
  • What causes it?
    • Overuse
    • Degeneration
    • Change of direction of tendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigger Fingers

  • Catching of tendons at A1 …
  • Usually due to … nodule
  • Thickening of sheath
A
  • Catching of tendons at A1 pulley
  • Usually due to degenerate nodule
  • Thickening of sheath
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Nerve & tendon injury

A
  • Neurovascular bundle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tendons

A
  • Action of superficial flexor being pulled
  • Work individually to muscle belly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nerve problems

  • … & … nerves - both on palmar side
    • … predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • … predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
A
  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nerve problems

  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly … with small … component
    • Ulnar predominantly … with smaller … component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
A
  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nerve problems

  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • … nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • … neuropathies
A
  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nerve problems

  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • … can happen
    • Compression …
A
  • Median & ulnar nerves - both on palmar side
    • Median predominantly sensory with small motor component
    • Ulnar predominantly motor with smaller sensory component
  • Digital nerves to each finger/thumb
  • Dermatomes
  • What can go wrong?
    • Injury can happen
    • Compression neuropathies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Label the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Label the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Label the palmar and dorsal surfaces of the hand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Carpal tunnel

  • … nerve compression at wrist (compression neuropathy)
    • In the Osseous/… tunnel
    • Tendons and nerves here
  • Nerve function -> 3 of thenar muscles & sensory symptoms in the … half of the hand.
A
  • Median nerve compression at wrist (compression neuropathy)
    • In the Osseous/ligamentous tunnel
    • Tendons and nerves here
  • Nerve function -> 3 of thenar muscles & sensory symptoms in the radial half of the hand.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

… … syndrome is the most common type of nerve compression syndrome

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common type of nerve compression syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

… nerve compression at the hand and wrist is called carpal tunnel syndrome.

A

Median nerve compression at the hand and wrist is called carpal tunnel syndrome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
_Carpal tunnel_ * Median nerve compression at wrist (compression neuropathy) * In the Osseous/ligamentous tunnel * Tendons and nerves here * Nerve function -\> 3 of ... muscles & ... symptoms in the radial half of the hand.
* Median nerve compression at wrist (compression neuropathy) * In the Osseous/ligamentous tunnel * Tendons and nerves here * Nerve function -\> 3 of **thenar** muscles & **sensory** symptoms in the **radial** half of the hand.
26
_Thenar muscles_ * The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (...) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * ... pollicis * abductor pollicis brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * ... pollicis. * Responsible for fine control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
* The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (**radial**) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * **adductor** pollicis * abductor pollicis brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * **opponens** pollicis. * Responsible for fine control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
27
_Thenar muscles_ * The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * ... pollicis ... * ... pollicis ... * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for fine control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
* The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * **abductor** pollicis **brevis** * **flexor** pollicis **brevis** * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for fine control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
28
_Thenar muscles_ * The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the ... (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * abductor pollicis brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for ... ... of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
* The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the **lateral** (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * abductor pollicis brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for **fine control** of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to oppose the thumb)
29
_Thenar muscles_ * The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * ... ... brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for ... control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to ... the thumb)
* The thenar musculature consists of four short muscles located on the lateral (radial) aspect of the hand. * These muscles include the: * adductor pollicis * **abductor pollicis** brevis * flexor pollicis brevis * opponens pollicis. * Responsible for **fine** control of the thumb * Species advantage (ability to **oppose** the thumb)
30
_Proximal to carpal tunnel_
31
Carpal tunnel signs (3)
* Thenar wasting * Loss of abduction * Loss of opposition
32
Thenar wasting, Loss of abduction and Loss of opposition are all signs of what syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
33
_Cubital tunnel syndrome_ * ... nerve compression at elbow * Fascial compression @ ... sites * Nerve only * Nerve function -\> Forearm & hand muscles, sensory symptoms ulna half of hand.
* **Ulnar** nerve compression at elbow * Fascial compression @ **3** sites * Nerve only * Nerve function -\> Forearm & hand muscles, sensory symptoms ulna half of hand.
34
_Cubital tunnel syndrome_ * Ulnar nerve compression at ... * Fascial compression @ 3 sites * ... only * Nerve function -\> Forearm & hand muscles, sensory symptoms ulna half of hand.
* Ulnar nerve compression at **elbow** * Fascial compression @ 3 sites * **Nerve** only * Nerve function -\> Forearm & hand muscles, sensory symptoms ulna half of hand.
35
_Cubital tunnel syndrome_ * Ulnar nerve compression at ... * Fascial compression @ 3 sites * ... only * Nerve function -\> ... & hand muscles, ... symptoms ulna half of hand.
* Ulnar nerve compression at **elbow** * Fascial compression @ 3 sites * **Nerve** only * Nerve function -\> **Forearm** & hand muscles, **sensory** symptoms ulna half of hand.
36
_Muscles - Cubital Tunnel_ * ... wasting - Flexor digiti quinti brevis - grip lost * Abductor * (opponens) * Interossei * Flexor carpi ulnaris and Flexor digitorum profundus (m/r/l) affected
* **Hypothenar** wasting - Flexor digiti quinti brevis * Abductor * (opponens) * Interossei * Flexor carpi ulnaris and Flexor digitorum profundus (m/r/l) affected
37
_Muscles - Cubital Tunnel_ * Hypothenar wasting - Flexor digiti quinti brevis - grip lost * Abductor * (opponens) * Interossei * Flexor carpi ... and Flexor digitorum ... (m/r/l) affected
* Hypothenar wasting - Flexor digiti quinti brevis * Abductor * (opponens) * Interossei * Flexor carpi **ulnaris** and Flexor digitorum **profundus** (m/r/l) affected
38
_Interosseous muscles_ * Palmar/dorsal sets * Dual Insertion to proximal ... * Adduction/abduction * .... Insertion to extensor hood * Interphalangeal ... * Lose function of ulnar nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
* Palmar/dorsal sets * Dual Insertion to proximal **phalanx** * Adduction/abduction * **Tendonous** Insertion to extensor hood * Interphalangeal **extension** * Lose function of ulnar nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
39
_Interosseous muscles_ * Palmar/dorsal set * Dual Insertion to proximal phalanx * Adduction/abduction * Tendonous Insertion to ... hood * ... extension * Lose function of ... nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
* Palmar/dorsal sets * Dual Insertion to proximal phalanx * Adduction/abduction * Tendonous Insertion to **extensor** hood * **Interphalangeal** extension * Lose function of **ulnar** nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
40
_Interosseous muscles_ * Palmar/dorsal set * Dual Insertion to proximal phalanx * Adduction/abduction * Tendonous Insertion to extensor hood * Interphalangeal extension * Lose function of ulnar nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
* Palmar/dorsal sets * Dual Insertion to proximal phalanx * Adduction/abduction * Tendonous Insertion to extensor hood * Interphalangeal extension * Lose function of ulnar nerve - lose ability to fully straighten proximal interphalangeal joints
41
_Inter-osseous muscles_ * Label hypothenar, thenar and lumbricals
42
_Ulnar nerve signs_ * Wasted ... web spaces * Paradoxical wasting ... * Forearm wasting * Clawing of digits
* Wasted **hypothenar** web spaces * Paradoxical wasting **thenar** * Forearm wasting * Clawing of digits
43
_Ulnar nerve signs_ * Wasted hypothenar web spaces * Paradoxical wasting thenar * ... wasting * ... of digits
* Wasted hypothenar web spaces * Paradoxical wasting thenar * **Forearm** wasting * **Clawing** of digits
44
* To help you remember the hand sign associated with a nerve injury, * DR. CUMA
* DR. CUMA * Drop = Radial nerve * Claw = Ulnar nerve * Median nerve = Ape (Apostle's) hand
45
* DR. CUMA * ... = Radial nerve * ... = Ulnar nerve * ... nerve = Ape (Apostle's) hand
* DR. CUMA * **Drop** = Radial nerve * **Claw** = Ulnar nerve * **Median** nerve = Ape (Apostle's) hand
46
The characteristic presentation of an ... nerve injury is the "claw hand". Individuals with this deformity have hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints (due to the lack of innervation to the medial two lumbricals and the unopposed action of the extensors of this joint) and flexion of the interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th fingers (due to the unopposed action of the flexor digitorum profundus).
The characteristic presentation of an **ulnar** nerve injury is the "claw hand". Individuals with this deformity have hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints (due to the lack of innervation to the medial two lumbricals and the unopposed action of the extensors of this joint) and flexion of the interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th fingers (due to the unopposed action of the flexor digitorum profundus).
47
The characteristic presentation of an ulnar nerve injury is the "claw hand". Individuals with this deformity have ... of the metacarpophalangeal joints (due to the lack of innervation to the medial two lumbricals and the unopposed action of the extensors of this joint) and ... of the interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th fingers (due to the unopposed action of the flexor digitorum profundus).
The characteristic presentation of an ulnar nerve injury is the "claw hand". Individuals with this deformity have **hyperextension** of the metacarpophalangeal joints (due to the lack of innervation to the medial two lumbricals and the unopposed action of the extensors of this joint) and **flexion** of the interphalangeal joints of 4th and 5th fingers (due to the unopposed action of the flexor digitorum profundus).
48
_Extensor tendons_ * Extend ... joints of fingers * Thumb tendons * Wrist tendons * Retinaculum * How many? * Some multistranded (APL/EDC/EDQ)
* Extend **MCP** joints of fingers * Thumb tendons * Wrist tendons * Retinaculum * **12 in all** * Some multistranded (APL/EDC/EDQ)
49
_Extensor tendons_ * Extend MCP joints of fingers * Thumb tendons * Wrist tendons * Retinaculum * How many? * Some ... (APL/EDC/EDQ)
* Extend MCP joints of fingers * Thumb tendons * Wrist tendons * Retinaculum * **12 in all** * Some **multistranded** (APL/EDC/EDQ)
50
_Radial extensors_ * de Quervain,s disease - thickening of what?
* de Quervain,s disease - thickening of **retinaculum**
51
_de Quervain,s disease_ * Triggering and pain of thumb ... * Causes: * Degeneration * ... * Ciprofloxacin * Anastrazole
* Triggering and pain of thumb **extensors** * Causes: * Degeneration * **Overuse** * Ciprofloxacin * Anastrazole
52
_de Quervain,s disease_ * Triggering and pain of thumb extensors * Causes: * Degeneration * Overuse * What 2 drugs can cause it?
* Triggering and pain of thumb extensors * Causes: * Degeneration * Overuse * **Ciprofloxacin** * **Anastrazole**
53
Degeneration, Overuse and use of Ciprofloxacin or Anastrazole can cause what disease?
de Quervain,s disease
54
_Dorsal extensors_
55
_Dorsal Extensors - Ruptures_ * Due to ... or fracture * Synovitis, arthritis * No triggering like with ...
* Due to **lacerations** or fracture * Synovitis, arthritis * No triggering like with **flexors**
56
_Dorsal Extensors - Ruptures_ * Due to lacerations or ... * ..., arthritis * No ... like with flexors
* Due to lacerations or **fracture** * **Synovitis**, arthritis * No **triggering** like with flexors
57
_Digital extensor hood_ * Long extensors * ... either side * Lumbrical * Finely balanced * Complex ... flat tendon
* Long extensors * **Interossei** either side * Lumbrical * Finely balanced * Complex **multibundle** flat tendon
58
_Digital extensor hood_ * Long ... * Interossei either side * Lumbrical * ... balanced * Complex multibundle flat tendon
* Long **extensors** * Interossei either side * Lumbrical * **Finely** balanced * Complex multibundle flat tendon
59
What is mallet finger?
It is caused by damage to the **extensor tendon** complex as it inserts onto the distal phalanx of any of the digits. The distal phalanx therefore lies in permanent flexion, and has the appearance of a mallet.
60
_Osteology - hand_ * 3 phalanges in ... * 2 phalanges in ... * 5 metacarpals * 2 sesamoids in thumb * 8 carpal bones
* 3 phalanges in **fingers** * 2 phalanges in **thumb** * 5 metacarpals * 2 sesamoids in thumb * 8 carpal bones
61
_Osteology - hand_ * 3 phalanges in fingers * 2 phalanges in thumb * 5 ... * 2 ... in thumb * 8 carpal bones
* 3 phalanges in fingers * 2 phalanges in thumb * 5 **metacarpals** * 2 **sesamoids** in thumb * 8 carpal bones
62
_Osteology - hand_ * 3 phalanges in fingers * 2 phalanges in thumb * 5 metacarpals * 2 ... in thumb * 8 ... bones
* 3 phalanges in fingers * 2 phalanges in thumb * 5 metacarpals * 2 **sesamoids** in thumb * 8 **carpal** bones
63
_Osteology - hand_ * ... phalanges in fingers * ... phalanges in thumb * 5 metacarpals * ... sesamoids in thumb * 8 carpal bones
* **3** phalanges in fingers * **2** phalanges in thumb * 5 metacarpals * **2** sesamoids in thumb * 8 carpal bones
64
Carpal bones​ - MNEMONIC * Some Lovers Try Positions, That They Cannot Handle
65
_Bone problems - Hand/wrist_ * ... fracture * ... fracture * 1st CMC osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis
* **Radial** fracture * **Scaphoid** fracture * 1st CMC osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis
66
_Bone problems - Hand/wrist_ * Radial fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st CMC ... * Rheumatoid arthritis
* Radial fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st CMC **osteoarthritis** * Rheumatoid arthritis
67
_Bone problems - Hand/wrist_ * Radial fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st CMC osteoarthritis * ... arthritis
* Radial fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st CMC osteoarthritis * **Rheumatoid** arthritis
68
_Bone problems - Hand/wrist_ * ... fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st ... osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis
* **Radial** fracture * Scaphoid fracture * 1st **CMC** osteoarthritis * Rheumatoid arthritis
69
What is shown?
thumb base arthritis (osteoarthritis) - very common, predominantly women, not too painful, seen on X-ray incidentally
70
71
Whats shown here?
Rheumatoid arthritis

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions