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Year 2 Medicine > Anatomy of the Leg and Foot > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Foot

  • 3 functions - what are they?
A
  • Stability/standing (support body weight)
  • Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
  • Shock absorption
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2
Q

Function of the Foot

  • Stability/standing (support … …)
  • …/propulsion (acts as …)
  • … absorption
A
  • Stability/standing (support body weight)
  • Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
  • Shock absorption
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3
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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4
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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5
Q

Bones of the leg

A
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6
Q

Bones of the foot

A
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7
Q

Bones of the foot

A
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8
Q

Bones of the foot

  • Label the tarsal bones of the foot.
A
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9
Q

Supination of foot vs Pronation of foot

  • Supination (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
  • Pronation (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
    • When standing on irregular surfaces
A
  • Supination (feet together – inversion/adduction of front of foot)
  • Pronation (feet apart – eversion/abduction of front of foot)
    • When standing on irregular surfaces
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10
Q

If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your … foot would be supinated and your … foot would be pronated

A

If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your left foot would be supinated and your right foot would be pronated

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11
Q

Joints of the foot

A
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12
Q

Joints of the foot

A
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13
Q

Joints of the foot

  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. … - inversion/eversion and … tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
A
  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
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14
Q

Joints of the foot

  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and transverse tarsal - … and …)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited …/…)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
A
  • Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
  • ​Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
  • Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
  • Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
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15
Q

Ankle Joint is the articulation between the … and …/…

A

Ankle Joint is the articulation between the talus and tibia/fibula

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16
Q

The ankle joint is what type of joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

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17
Q

The ankle joint allows what movements?

A

dorsiflexion (extension of foot - lift up) and plantarflexion (flexion of foot - downwards)

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18
Q

Label the diagram

A
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19
Q

The ankle joint is stabilised by what ligaments?

A
  • Collateral ligaments
    • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
    • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
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20
Q

Ankle joint - collateral ligaments

  • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (… parts total)
  • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (… parts total)
A
  • Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
  • Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
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21
Q

Ankle joint ligaments

A
  • There are two main sets of ligaments, which originate from each malleolus.
    • Medial Ligament
      • The medial ligament (or deltoid ligament) is attached to the medial malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus)
    • Lateral Ligament
      • The lateral ligament originates from the lateral malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus/navicular)
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22
Q

Clinical: Injury to ,,, ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament)

A

Clinical: Injury to lateral ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament) - red line on RHS

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23
Q

Subtalar joint

  • Between … and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
A
  • Between talus and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
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24
Q

The subtalar joint is responsible for what movements of the foot?

A

Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion

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25
Q

Subtalar joint

  • Between talus and …
  • Allows inversion/eversion during …
A
  • Between talus and calcaneus
  • Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
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26
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

  • Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
  • Important for standing on … …
  • Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates foot into … and …)
A
  • Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
  • Important for standing on uneven ground
  • Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
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27
Q

Transverse tarsal joint

  • Allows eversion/inversion and …/…
  • Important for standing on uneven ground
  • Articulation between … and navicular and also the … and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
A
  • Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
  • Important for standing on uneven ground
  • Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
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28
Q

The transverse tarsal joint allows what movements of the foot?

A

eversion/inversion and pronation/supination

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29
Q

What joint is important for standing on uneven ground?

A

Transverse tarsal joint (allows pronation and supination)

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30
Q

Arches of the foot

  • The foot has three arches: two … (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior … arch
  • Function:
    • Shock absorbers during …
    • Act as springboards (…)
    • Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
  • During standing – Arches flatten
A
  • The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior transverse arch
  • Function:
    • Shock absorbers during locomotion
    • Act as springboards (propulsion)
    • Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
  • During standing – Arches flatten
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31
Q

Arches of the foot

  • The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (… and …) arches and one anterior transverse arch
  • Function:
    • … absorbers during locomotion
    • Act as springboards (propulsion)
    • Distribution of weight (to … + … of foot)
  • During standing – Arches …
A
  • The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior transverse arch
  • Function:
    • Shock absorbers during locomotion
    • Act as springboards (propulsion)
    • Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
  • During standing – Arches flatten
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32
Q

Longitudinal arches

A
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33
Q

Which longitudinal arch of the foot is less defined?

A

lateral longitudinal arch

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34
Q

The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic … muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar …

A

The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

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35
Q

The … arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

A

The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis

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36
Q
  • Clinical: Fallen … … arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
    • Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
A
  • Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
    • Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
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37
Q

Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to what?

A

pes planus (flat feet) - Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children

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38
Q

Transverse arch

  • Supported by long tendons (such … longus and … posterior)
A
  • Supported by long tendons (such fibularis longus and tibialis posterior)
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39
Q

What is the red curve showing?

A

transverse arch of foot

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40
Q

Plantar aponeurosis is the … of … fascia

A

Plantar aponeurosis is the thickening of deep fascia

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41
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

  • Thickening of deep …
  • … underlying structures
  • Supports … arch
A
  • Thickening of deep fascia
  • Protects underlying structures
  • Supports longitudinal arch
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42
Q

The plantar aponeurosis supports the … arch

A

The plantar aponeurosis supports the longitudinal arch

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43
Q

Clinical: Plantar … (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in …)

A

Clinical: Plantar fasciitis (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in runners)

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44
Q

Muscle compartments of the leg

  • 3 compartments - these are:
    • Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by … … nerve
    • Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by … nerve
    • Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
A
  • 3 compartments - these are:
    • Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve
    • Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by tibial nerve
    • Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
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45
Q

Muscle compartments of the leg

  • 3 compartments - these are:
    • Anterior - …/… foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve
    • Posterior - …/… foot - supplied by tibial nerve
    • Lateral - … foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
A
  • 3 compartments - these are:
    • Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve
    • Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by tibial nerve
    • Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
46
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

  • Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot
  • Supplied by Deep fibular nerve
  • 3 muscles - origin from either the … or …
    • Tibialis anterior (extends/inverts foot)
    • Extensor digitorum longus (extends lateral 4 toes)
    • Extensor hallucis longus (extends great toe)
  • Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor retinaculum
A
  • Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot
  • Supplied by Deep fibular nerve
  • 3 muscles - origin from either the tibia or fibula
    • Tibialis anterior (extends/inverts foot)
    • Extensor digitorum longus (extends lateral 4 toes)
    • Extensor hallucis longus (extends great toe)
  • Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor retinaculum
47
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

  • Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot
  • Supplied by Deep fibular nerve
  • 3 muscles - origin from either the tibia or fibula
    • … anterior (extends/inverts foot)
    • Extensor … longus (extends lateral 4 toes)
    • Extensor … longus (extends great toe)
  • Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor …
A
  • Extend (dorsiflex) and invert foot
  • Supplied by Deep fibular nerve
  • 3 muscles - origin from either the tibia or fibula
    • Tibialis anterior (extends/inverts foot)
    • Extensor digitorum longus (extends lateral 4 toes)
    • Extensor hallucis longus (extends great toe)
  • Tendons of these muscles all pass under the Extensor retinaculum
48
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

49
Q

Extensor hallucis longus extends what?

50
Q

Extensor digitorum longus extends what?

A

lateral 4 toes

51
Q

Anterior compartment of leg - passing into foot

52
Q

Extensor digitorum longus inserts into the … and … phalanges

A

Extensor digitorum longus inserts into the middle and distal phalanges

53
Q

Tibialis anterior inserts into medial … + 1st …

A

Tibialis anterior inserts into medial cuneiform + 1st metatarsal

54
Q

Extensor hallucis longus inserts into what?

A

distal phalanx of great toe

55
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - Superficial group

  • … (…) foot and leg
A
  • Flex (plantarflex) foot and leg
56
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - Superficial group

  • … (…) foot and leg
A
  • Flex (plantarflex) foot and leg
57
Q
  • The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles, organised into two layers – … and … The two layers are separated by a band of fascia.
  • The posterior leg is the largest of the three compartments. Collectively, the muscles in this area … and … the foot. They are innervated by the … nerve, a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
A
  • The posterior compartment of the leg contains seven muscles, organised into two layers – superficial and deep. The two layers are separated by a band of fascia.
  • The posterior leg is the largest of the three compartments. Collectively, the muscles in this area plantarflex and invert the foot. They are innervated by the tibial nerve, a terminal branch of the sciatic nerve.
58
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

  • Origin: … of femur
  • … leg and foot
  • Half way down - gives rise to … (Achilles tendon)
  • Inserts into calcaneal tuberosity
A
  • Origin: Condyles of femur
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Half way down - gives rise to tendocalcaenus (Achilles tendon)
  • Inserts into calcaneal tuberosity
59
Q

Soleus muscle

  • Origin - … and …
  • … foot
  • Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with tendocalcaneus
  • Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
A
  • Origin - fibula and tibia
  • Flexes foot
  • Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with tendocalcaneus
  • Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
60
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

  • Origin: Condyles of femur
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Half way down - gives rise to tendocalcaenus (… tendon)
  • Inserts into … …
A
  • Origin: Condyles of femur
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Half way down - gives rise to tendocalcaenus (Achilles tendon)
  • Inserts into calcaneal tuberosity
61
Q

Plantaris muscle

  • Origin: femur
  • … leg and foot
  • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via … …)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
A
  • Origin: femur
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
62
Q

Plantaris muscle

  • Origin: …
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by … nerve
A
  • Origin: femur
  • Flexes leg and foot
  • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
63
Q

Soleus muscle

  • Origin - fibula and tibia
  • Flexes foot
  • Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with …
  • Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via … tendon)
  • Supplied by … nerve
A
  • Origin - fibula and tibia
  • Flexes foot
  • Passes underneath the gastrocnemius but tendon fuses with tendocalcaneus
  • Insertion - Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Supplied by tibial nerve
64
Q

What nerve innervates the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the leg ?

A

tibial nerve

65
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - Deep Group

  • There are four muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. One muscle, the …, acts only on the knee joint.
  • The remaining three muscles (… posterior, flexor … longus and flexor … longus) act on the ankle and foot.
A
  • There are four muscles in the deep compartment of the posterior leg. One muscle, the popliteus, acts only on the knee joint.
  • The remaining three muscles (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus) act on the ankle and foot.
66
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - Deep group

  • Flex (plantar flex) and … foot
  • Origin: … + …
  • 3 muscles
    • Flexor digitorum longus - flexes lateral 4 toes
    • Tibialis posterior - inverts foot
    • Flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe
A
  • Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot
  • Origin: tibia + fibula
  • 3 muscles
    • Flexor digitorum longus - flexes lateral 4 toes
    • Tibialis posterior - inverts foot
    • Flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe
  • Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
67
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - Deep group

  • Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot
  • Origin: tibia + fibula
  • 3 muscles
    • Flexor … longus - flexes lateral 4 toes
    • … posterior - inverts foot
    • Flexor … longus - flexes great toe
  • Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
A
  • Flex (plantar flex) and invert foot
  • Origin: tibia + fibula
  • 3 muscles
    • Flexor digitorum longus - flexes lateral 4 toes
    • Tibialis posterior - inverts foot
    • Flexor hallucis longus - flexes great toe
  • Tendon passes under flexor retinaculum
68
Q

What nerve innervates the deep compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

tibial nerve - same as superficial muscle compartment

69
Q

Label the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

70
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - deep muscles into foot

  • Flexor hallucis longus inserts into … .. of … toe
  • Tibialis posterior inserts into medial … + …
  • Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal … - crosses flexor hallucis longus
A
  • Flexor hallucis longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toe
  • Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform + navicular
  • Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges - crosses flexor hallucis longus
71
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - deep muscles into foot

  • Flexor hallucis longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toe
  • Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform + navicular
  • Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges - crosses flexor hallucis longus
A
  • Flexor hallucis longus inserts into distal phalanx of great toe
  • Tibialis posterior inserts into medial cuneiform + navicular
  • Flexor digitorum longus inserts into distal phalanges - crosses flexor hallucis longus
72
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

  • There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the … … and … …
  • The common function of the muscles is eversion – turning the sole of the foot … They are both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
A
  • There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis)
  • The common function of the muscles is eversion – turning the sole of the foot outwards. They are both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
73
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

  • There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis)
  • The common function of the muscles is … – turning the sole of the foot outwards. They are both innervated by the … … nerve.
A
  • There are two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg; the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis (also known as peroneal longus and brevis)
  • The common function of the muscles is eversion – turning the sole of the foot outwards. They are both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve.
74
Q

Label the lateral compartment of the leg (2 muscles)

75
Q

Fibularis longus

  • The fibularis longus is the … and more … muscle within the compartment
  • Evert foot and … foot
A
  • The fibularis longus is the larger and more superficial muscle within the compartment
  • Evert foot and plantarflex foot
76
Q

Fibularis brevis

  • The fibularis brevis muscles is … and … than the fibularis longus.
  • … of the foot.
A
  • The fibularis brevis muscles is deeper and shorter than the fibularis longus.
  • Eversion of the foot.
77
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

78
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

79
Q

Fibularis longus maintains the … arch

A

Fibularis longus maintains the transverse arch

80
Q

Long tendons of the foot

81
Q

Long tendons of the foot

82
Q

Long tendons of the foot

83
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the foot

  • Similar to the …
  • BE AWARE OF THESE MUSCLES ONLY - dont need to remember names or attachments
A
  • Similar to the hand
  • BE AWARE OF THESE MUSCLES ONLY - dont need to remember names or attachments
84
Q

Blood supply to leg and foot (1)

  • … artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped … fossa - within this, the artery becomes the … artery
  • Descends with vein through … fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
  • Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
A
  • Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery
  • Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
  • Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
85
Q

Blood supply to leg and foot (1)

  • Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery
  • Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into … and … … arteries
    • … … … pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
    • … … … continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the … … … continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
A
  • Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery
  • Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
  • Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
86
Q

Blood supply to leg and foot (1)

  • Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under … muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery
  • Descends with vein through popliteal … and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • Anterior tibial artery pierces … membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
  • Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - … artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through … …)
A
  • Femoral artery passes through anterior compartment of thigh under sartorius muscle - heading towards medial side
  • Passes through adductor hiatus to enter the diamond shaped popliteal fossa - within this, the artery becomes the popliteal artery
  • Descends with vein through popliteal fossa and enters the leg - splits into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
  • Anterior tibial artery pierces interosseous membrane to reach anterior compartment of the leg
  • Posterior tibial artery continues down - forms a neurovascular bundle with tibial nerve - part way down gives off a branch - fibular artery, which heads towards lateral side of our leg - the posterior tibial artery continues down between the deep flexor muscles and passes under the flexor retinaculum with our tibial nerve (passes through tarsal tunnel)
87
Q

Tarsal tunnel

  • It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the medial … and the … to form the roof.
  • Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior)
    • … … tendon
    • Flexor … … tendon
    • Posterior tibial artery/vein
    • Tibial nerve
    • Flexor hallucis longus
A
  • It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus to form the roof.
  • Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior)
    • Tibialis posterior tendon
    • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
    • Posterior tibial artery/vein
    • Tibial nerve
    • Flexor hallucis longus
88
Q

Tarsal tunnel

89
Q

Tarsal tunnel

  • It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the … malleolus and the calcaneus to form the roof.
  • Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior)
    • Tibialis posterior tendon
    • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
    • … … artery/vein
    • … nerve
    • Flexor … longus
A
  • It is converted into a tunnel by the flexor retinaculum, which spans obliquely between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus to form the roof.
  • Underneath, contents reside: (anterior to posterior)
    • Tibialis posterior tendon
    • Flexor digitorum longus tendon
    • Posterior tibial artery/vein
    • Tibial nerve
    • Flexor hallucis longus
90
Q

Where can we take the pulse of the posterior tibial artery?

A

within the tarsal tunnel

91
Q

Medial/lateral plantar arteries

  • … … artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe
    • Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form … … arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle)
    • This arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes … and … and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
A
  • Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe
    • Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle)
    • Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
92
Q

Medial/lateral plantar arteries

  • Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards … …
    • Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under … hallucis muscle)
    • Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with … pedis artery
A
  • Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe
    • Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle)
    • Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
93
Q

Medial/lateral plantar arteries

  • Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • … plantar artery on … side of foot towards great toe
    • … plantar artery heads … and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle)
    • Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
A
  • Posterior tibial artery enters the foot, divides into plantar arteries:
    • Medial plantar artery on medial side of foot towards great toe
    • Lateral plantar artery heads laterally and swings round to form deep plantar arch (passes under adductor hallucis muscle)
    • Deep plantar arch pierces through into reach the dorsum of the foot between toes 1 and 2 and anastamose with dorsalis pedis artery
94
Q

Label the diagram

95
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

  • … … artery descends with the deep fibular nerve, passing towards extensor retinaculum
  • Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot)
  • Sits … to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus
  • Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with deep plantar arch
A
  • Anterior tibial artery descends with the deep fibular nerve, passing towards extensor retinaculum
  • Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot)
  • Sits laterally to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus
  • Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with deep plantar arch
96
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

  • Anterior tibial artery descends with the deep … nerve, passing towards … retinaculum
  • Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot)
  • Sits laterally to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus
  • Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with … … arch
A
  • Anterior tibial artery descends with the deep fibular nerve, passing towards extensor retinaculum
  • Changes name to dorsalis pedis (dorsal artery of the foot)
  • Sits laterally to the large tendon of extensor hallucis longus
  • Dorsalis pedis passes through towards plantar side of foot to anastomose with deep plantar arch
97
Q

Nerve supply to the leg

  • Supplied by the terminal branches of the … nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of femoral nerve)
    • … nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches:
    • … nerve towards posterior compartment
    • … … nerve (further divides into deep fibular - anterior compartment, superficial fibular - lateral compartment)
A
  • Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of femoral nerve)
    • Sciatic nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches:
    • Tibial nerve towards posterior compartment
    • Common fibular nerve (further divides into deep fibular - anterior compartment, superficial fibular - lateral compartment)
98
Q

Nerve supply to the leg

  • Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of … nerve)
    • Sciatic nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches:
    • Tibial nerve towards posterior compartment
    • Common fibular nerve (further divides into … fibular - anterior compartment, … fibular - lateral compartment)
A
  • Supplied by the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (apart from the skin on medial side of leg and foot - saphenous nerve - terminal branch of femoral nerve)
    • Sciatic nerve approaches popliteal fossa - 2 branches:
    • Tibial nerve towards posterior compartment
    • Common fibular nerve (further divides into deep fibular - anterior compartment, superficial fibular - lateral compartment)
99
Q

Nerve supply to the leg - Label

100
Q

Tibial nerve

101
Q
  • The tibial nerve passes through the … tunnel to enter the foot - divides into medial and lateral … nerves
  • Supplies the … … muscles and … surface of foot (skin)
A
  • The tibial nerve passes through the tarsal tunnel to enter the foot - divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves
  • Supplies the plantar intrinsic muscles and plantar surface of foot (skin)
102
Q

Tibial nerve - Motor vs sensory function

  • Motor: … compartment of leg + plantar … muscles
  • Sensory: … surface of foot
A
  • Motor: Posterior compartment of leg + plantar Intrinsic muscles
  • Sensory: Plantar surface of foot
103
Q

Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)

A

Clinical: tarsal tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)

104
Q

Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of … nerve)

A

Clinical: … tunnel syndrome (compression of tibial nerve)

105
Q

Common fibular nerve

  • Common fibular nerve divides into … fibular nerve and … fibular nerve
  • … fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2
  • … fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
A
  • Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2
  • Superficial fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
106
Q

Common fibular nerve

  • Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - … compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes … and …
  • Superficial fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - … compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on … of foot + anterior leg
A
  • Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2
  • Superficial fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
107
Q

Common fibular nerve

  • Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal … muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2
  • Superficial fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + … leg
A
  • Common fibular nerve divides into superficial fibular nerve and deep fibular nerve
  • Deep fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - anterior compartment of leg and dorsal intrinsic muscles
    • Sensory - skin between toes 1 and 2
  • Superficial fibular nerve:
    • Motor supply - lateral compartment of leg
    • Sensory - skin on dorsum of foot + anterior leg
108
Q

Clinical: Trauma to … … nerve (foot drop)

A

Clinical: Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)

109
Q

Clinical: Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot …)

A

Clinical: Trauma to common fibular nerve (foot drop)

110
Q

Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot

111
Q

Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot

112
Q

Cutaneous innervation - leg and foot

Year 2 Medicine (162 decks)

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