Anatomy of the Leg and Foot Flashcards
Function of the Foot
- 3 functions - what are they?
- Stability/standing (support body weight)
- Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
- Shock absorption
Function of the Foot
- Stability/standing (support … …)
- …/propulsion (acts as …)
- … absorption
- Stability/standing (support body weight)
- Locomotion/propulsion (acts as lever)
- Shock absorption
Bones of the leg
Bones of the leg
Bones of the leg
Bones of the foot
Bones of the foot
Bones of the foot
- Label the tarsal bones of the foot.
Supination of foot vs Pronation of foot
- Supination (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
- Pronation (feet … – …/… of front of foot)
- When standing on irregular surfaces
- Supination (feet together – inversion/adduction of front of foot)
- Pronation (feet apart – eversion/abduction of front of foot)
- When standing on irregular surfaces
If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your … foot would be supinated and your … foot would be pronated
If you stand with your feet parallel and face forward, and rotate your body and look over your left shoulder - your left foot would be supinated and your right foot would be pronated
Joints of the foot
Joints of the foot
Joints of the foot
- Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
- Intertarsal joints (e.g. … - inversion/eversion and … tarsal - supination and pronation)
- Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
- Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
- Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
- Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
- Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
- Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
Joints of the foot
- Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
- Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and transverse tarsal - … and …)
- Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited …/…)
- Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
- Ankle joint (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion)
- Intertarsal joints (e.g. Subtalar - inversion/eversion and Transverse tarsal - supination and pronation)
- Metatarsophalangeal joints (extension/flexion and limited abduction/adduction)
- Interphalangeal joints (extension/flexion)
Ankle Joint is the articulation between the … and …/…
Ankle Joint is the articulation between the talus and tibia/fibula
The ankle joint is what type of joint?
synovial hinge joint
The ankle joint allows what movements?
dorsiflexion (extension of foot - lift up) and plantarflexion (flexion of foot - downwards)
Label the diagram
The ankle joint is stabilised by what ligaments?
-
Collateral ligaments
- Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
- Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
Ankle joint - collateral ligaments
- Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (… parts total)
- Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (… parts total)
- Lateral ligament - lateral malleolus to talus/calcaneus (3 parts total)
- Medial/deltoid ligament - medial malleolus to talus/calcaneus/navicular (3 parts total)
Ankle joint ligaments
- There are two main sets of ligaments, which originate from each malleolus.
- Medial Ligament
- The medial ligament (or deltoid ligament) is attached to the medial malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus)
- Lateral Ligament
- The lateral ligament originates from the lateral malleolus - 3 parts (to talus/calcaneus/navicular)
- Medial Ligament
Clinical: Injury to ,,, ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament)
Clinical: Injury to lateral ligament due to excessive inversion of foot (usually anterior talofibular ligament) - red line on RHS
Subtalar joint
- Between … and calcaneus
- Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
- Between talus and calcaneus
- Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
The subtalar joint is responsible for what movements of the foot?
Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
Subtalar joint
- Between talus and …
- Allows inversion/eversion during …
- Between talus and calcaneus
- Allows inversion/eversion during locomotion
Transverse tarsal joint
- Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
- Important for standing on … …
- Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates foot into … and …)
- Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
- Important for standing on uneven ground
- Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
Transverse tarsal joint
- Allows eversion/inversion and …/…
- Important for standing on uneven ground
- Articulation between … and navicular and also the … and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
- Allows eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
- Important for standing on uneven ground
- Articulation between talus and navicular and also the calcaneus and cuboid (line traverses foot - separates into hindfoot and forefoot)
The transverse tarsal joint allows what movements of the foot?
eversion/inversion and pronation/supination
What joint is important for standing on uneven ground?
Transverse tarsal joint (allows pronation and supination)
Arches of the foot
- The foot has three arches: two … (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior … arch
- Function:
- Shock absorbers during …
- Act as springboards (…)
- Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
- During standing – Arches flatten
- The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior transverse arch
- Function:
- Shock absorbers during locomotion
- Act as springboards (propulsion)
- Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
- During standing – Arches flatten
Arches of the foot
- The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (… and …) arches and one anterior transverse arch
- Function:
- … absorbers during locomotion
- Act as springboards (propulsion)
- Distribution of weight (to … + … of foot)
- During standing – Arches …
- The foot has three arches: two longitudinal (medial and lateral) arches and one anterior transverse arch
- Function:
- Shock absorbers during locomotion
- Act as springboards (propulsion)
- Distribution of weight (to calcaneus + ball of foot)
- During standing – Arches flatten
Longitudinal arches
Which longitudinal arch of the foot is less defined?
lateral longitudinal arch
The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic … muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar …
The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
The … arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
The longitudinal arches of the foot are supported by long tendons, intrinsic plantar muscles, intrinsic ligaments and plantar aponeurosis
- Clinical: Fallen … … arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
- Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
- Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to pes planus (flat feet)
- Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
Clinical: Fallen medial longitudinal arch can lead to what?
pes planus (flat feet) - Due to degeneration of ligaments or injury to tibialis posterior; also seen in children
Transverse arch
- Supported by long tendons (such … longus and … posterior)
- Supported by long tendons (such fibularis longus and tibialis posterior)
What is the red curve showing?
transverse arch of foot
Plantar aponeurosis is the … of … fascia
Plantar aponeurosis is the thickening of deep fascia
Plantar aponeurosis
- Thickening of deep …
- … underlying structures
- Supports … arch
- Thickening of deep fascia
- Protects underlying structures
- Supports longitudinal arch
The plantar aponeurosis supports the … arch
The plantar aponeurosis supports the longitudinal arch
Clinical: Plantar … (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in …)
Clinical: Plantar fasciitis (inflammation of plantar aponeurosis due to overuse; common in runners)
Muscle compartments of the leg
- 3 compartments - these are:
- Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by … … nerve
- Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by … nerve
- Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve
- 3 compartments - these are:
- Anterior - extend/invert foot - supplied by deep fibular nerve
- Posterior - flex/invert foot - supplied by tibial nerve
- Lateral - evert foot - supplied by superficial fibular nerve