Anatomy of the Knee Flashcards
The … joint is an articulation between the distal femur and proximal tibia (not the fibula) and an articulation between the femur and patella
The knee joint is an articulation between the distal femur and proximal tibia (not the fibula) and an articulation between the femur and patella
The knee joint is an articulation between the distal … and proximal … (not the …) and an articulation between the … and patella
The knee joint is an articulation between the distal femur and proximal tibia (not the fibula) and an articulation between the femur and patella
What bone is not part of the knee joint?
the fibula (The knee joint is an articulation between the distal femur and proximal tibia)
The knee joint is what type of joint?
synovial bicondylar hinge joint
The knee joint is responsible for what movements?
extension/flexion of leg at knee joint and some rotation when flexed
The knee joint is a hinge type … joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of … and … …). It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation). It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation). It is formed by articulations between the …, femur and …
The knee joint is a hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of medial and lateral rotation). It is formed by articulations between the patella, femur and tibia.
The knee joint consists of two articulations – … and …. The joint surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage and are enclosed within a single joint cavity.
The knee joint consists of two articulations – tibiofemoral and patellofemoral. The joint surfaces are lined with hyaline cartilage and are enclosed within a single joint cavity.
… joint capsule formed by a network of tendons and ligaments around the knee joint
Fibrous joint capsule formed by a network of tendons and ligaments around the knee joint
Functions of the knee
- Functions are unusual, why?
- Unusual:
-
Weight–bearing AND Mobility
- Frequently injured
What are the 2 functions of the knee?
weight-bearing and mobility (incompatible functions) = frequently injured
Why is the knee one of the most frequently injured joints?
- Unusual functions
- Weight–bearing AND Mobility
Factors strengthening the joint
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
- … factors
- Bony expansions
- Locking mechanism
- Femoral angle
- … tissue factors
- Ligaments
- Menisci
- Muscles
- … factors
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
-
Bony factors
- Bony expansions
- Locking mechanism
- Femoral angle
-
Soft tissue factors
- Ligaments
- Menisci
- Muscles
-
Bony factors
Factors strengthening the joint
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
- Bony factors
- Bony …
- … mechanism
- Femoral angle
- Soft tissue factors
- Ligaments
- Menisci
- Muscles
- Bony factors
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
- Bony factors
- Bony expansions
- Locking mechanism
- Femoral angle
- Soft tissue factors
- Ligaments
- Menisci
- Muscles
- Bony factors
Factors strengthening the joint
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
- Bony factors
- Bony expansions
- Locking mechanism
- … angle
- Soft tissue factors
- L…
- M..
- Muscles
- Bony factors
- Several factors help improve stability and strength:
- Bony factors
- Bony expansions
- Locking mechanism
- Femoral angle
- Soft tissue factors
- Ligaments
- Menisci
- Muscles
- Bony factors
Bony expansions - Knee
- Provides stable base for …
- Provides stable base for bipedalism
Bony expansions - Knee
- Provides stable base for bipedalism
- Provides stable base for bipedalism
Label the bony expansion of the knee
What is the tibial plateau?
Locking mechanism
- Reduces amount of … required when …
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism :
- Shape of …
- Rotation
- Centre of gravity
- Reduces amount of energy required when extended
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism :
- Shape of femur
- Rotation
- Centre of gravity
Locking mechanism
- Reduces amount of energy required when extended
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism :
- Shape of femur
- …
- Centre of …
- Reduces amount of energy required when extended
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism :
- Shape of femur
- Rotation
- Centre of gravity
Locking mechanism
- Reduces amount of energy required when extended
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism : what are they?
- Reduces amount of energy required when extended
- Three factors contribute to the locking mechanism :
- 1. Shape of femur
- 2. Rotation
- 3. Centre of gravity
These 3 factors all contribute to what mechanism?
locking mechanism
1. Shape of femur (locking mechanism)
2. Rotation (locking mechanism)
3. Centre of gravity (locking mechanism)
Medial rotation of femur on tibia in extension does what to ligaments of the knee?
tightens them - locking joint into place
Femoral angle
- Position of knee joint is critical for … …
- Adducted femur brings knee joint under pelvis
- Occurs during …
- Position of knee joint is critical for weight bearing
- Adducted femur brings knee joint under pelvis
- Occurs during development
Femoral angle
- Position of knee joint is critical for weight bearing
- Adducted femur brings knee joint under …
- Occurs during development
- Position of knee joint is critical for weight bearing
- Adducted femur brings knee joint under pelvis
- Occurs during development
Femoral angle - Anatomical axis and Mechanical axis
- Anatomical axis - through the …
- Mechanical axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most …
- Angle between these is the … angle - clinically important (approx 15 degrees)
- To measure:
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella
- Anatomical axis - through femur
- Mechanical axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most force
- Angle between these is the Q angle - clinically important (approx 15 degrees)
- To measure:
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella
Femoral angle - Anatomical axis and Mechanical axis
- Anatomical axis - through femur
- Mechanical axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most force
- Angle between these is the Q angle - clinically important (approx 15 degrees)
- To measure:
- draw a line between … … iliac spine (ASIS) towards the … to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through … tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the …
- Anatomical axis - through femur
- Mechanical axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most force
- Angle between these is the Q angle - clinically important (approx 15 degrees)
- To measure:
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella
Femoral angle - Anatomical axis and Mechanical axis
- … axis - through femur
- … axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most force
- Angle between these is the Q angle - clinically important (approx … degrees)
- Anatomical axis - through femur
- Mechanical axis - passes from hip joint through the patella through the tibial tuberosity right to our foot - line of most force
- Angle between these is the Q angle - clinically important (approx 15 degrees)
- To measure:
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella
To measure Q angle:
- draw a line between … towards the patella to find … axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella to find … axis
- approx … degrees
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)towards the patella to findanatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella to find. mechanical axis
- approx 15 degrees
To measure Q angle:
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella to find mechanical axis
- difference = approx … degrees
- draw a line between Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) towards the patella to find anatomical axis
- draw a line through tibial tuberosity on anterior tibia straight up through the patella
- approx 15 degrees
Varus deformity (Genu varum)
- Deformity in the … between femur and tibia …
- Medial displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees apart - ‘Bow-legged; appearance = decrease in …
- Leads to increased stress and eventually results in joint degeneration
- Deformity in the angle between femur and tibia (Q angle)
- Medial displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees apart - ‘Bow-legged; appearance = decrease in Q angle
- Leads to increased stress and eventually results in joint degeneration
Varus deformity (Genu varum)
- Deformity in the angle between femur and tibia (Q angle)
- … displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under … when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees apart - ‘Bow-legged; appearance = decrease in Q angle
- Leads to increased stress and eventually results in joint degeneration
- Deformity in the angle between femur and tibia (Q angle)
-
Medial displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees apart - ‘Bow-legged; appearance = decrease in Q angle
- Leads to increased stress and eventually results in joint degeneration
Varus deformity (Genu varum)
- Deformity in the angle between femur and tibia (Q angle)
- Medial displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees … - ‘…-legged; appearance = decrease in Q angle
- Leads to increased … and eventually results in joint …
- Deformity in the angle between femur and tibia (Q angle)
- Medial displacement of the tibia
- Common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets
- Pushes knees apart - ‘Bow-legged; appearance = decrease in Q angle
- Leads to increased stress and eventually results in joint degeneration
This shows … deformity (Genu varum)
This shows varus deformity (Genu varum)
What is the condition which results in knees pushed apart , a ‘Bow-legged’ appearance (common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets)
Varus deformity (Genu varum) - medial displacement of the tibia, decrease in Q angle
Valgus deformity (Genu valgum)
- … displacement of the tibia
- Common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees together - ‘Knock-kneed’
- = Increase in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint …
-
Lateral displacement of the tibia
- Common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees together - ‘Knock-kneed’
- = Increase in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint degeneration
Valgus deformity (Genu valgum)
- Lateral displacement of the tibia
- Common in children aged …, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees … - ‘Knock-…’
- = Increase in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint degeneration
- Lateral displacement of the tibia
- Common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees together - ‘Knock-kneed’
- = Increase in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint degeneration
Valgus deformity (Genu valgum)
- Lateral displacement of the …
- Common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees together - ‘Knock-kneed’
- = … in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint degeneration
- Lateral displacement of the tibia
- Common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis
- Brings knees together - ‘Knock-kneed’
- = Increase in Q angle
- Increasde stress - eventually results in joint degeneration
What is the condition which results in knees brought together , ’Knock-kneed’, (common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis)
Valgus deformity (Genu valgum) - lateral displacement of the tibia - increase in Q angle
Valgus deformity (Genu valgum) vs Varus deformity (Genu varum) - what is the difference?
- Valgus deformity - lateral displacement of the tibia, common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis - brings knees together - knock-kneed therefore increased Q angle
- Varus deformity - medial displacement of the tibia, common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets - pushes knees apart - ‘bow-legged’ therefore decreased Q angle
- … deformity - lateral displacement of the tibia, common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis - brings knees together - knock-kneed therefore increased Q angle
- … deformity - medial displacement of the tibia, common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets - pushes knees apart - ‘bow-legged’ therefore decreased Q angle
- Valgus deformity - lateral displacement of the tibia, common in children aged 2-4, rickets, arthritis - brings knees together - knock-kneed therefore increased Q angle
- Varus deformity - medial displacement of the tibia, common in children under 2 when learning to walk, rickets - pushes knees apart - ‘bow-legged’ therefore decreased Q angle
Ligaments of the knee
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
- … – outside …
- Medial collateral
- Lateral collateral
- … – inside …
- Anterior cruciate
- Posterior cruciate
- … – outside …
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
-
Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Medial collateral
- Lateral collateral
-
Intracapsular – inside capsule
- Anterior cruciate
- Posterior cruciate
-
Extracapsular – outside capsule
Ligaments of the knee
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Medial …
- Lateral …
- Intracapsular – inside capsule
- … cruciate
- … cruciate
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Medial collateral
- Lateral collateral
- Intracapsular – inside capsule
- Anterior cruciate
- Posterior cruciate
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
Ligaments of the knee
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- … collateral
- … collateral
- Intracapsular – inside capsule
- Anterior …
- Posterior …
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Provide stability - Two groups of strong ligaments:
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
- Medial collateral
- Lateral collateral
- Intracapsular – inside capsule
- Anterior cruciate
- Posterior cruciate
- Extracapsular – outside capsule
Lateral/fibular collateral ligament
- Strong … cord
- Prevents … displacement of tibia
- Strong round cord
- Prevents medial displacement of tibia
Lateral/fibular collateral ligament
- Strong round …
- Prevents … displacement of tibia
- Strong round cord
- Prevents medial displacement of tibia
Tear of Lateral Collateral Ligament = … deformity (medial)
Tear of Lateral Collateral Ligament = varus deformity (medial)
What is this ligament?