Ovarian Cysts - Benign and Malignant Cysts Flashcards
What is a functional ovarian cyst?
A functional ovarian cyst is a sac that forms on the surface of a woman’s ovary during or after ovulation. It holds a maturing egg. Usually the sac goes away after the egg is released. If an egg is not released, or if the sac closes up after the egg is released, the sac can swell up with fluid.
Ovum Production
Normal ovary - Follicular Cyst
Histology specimen - corpus luteum with a bleed and cyst
What % of women in the community have an ovarian cyst?
10% of women in the community have an ovarian cyst
Ovarian cysts are the … most common cause of gynae admission
Ovarian cysts are the 4th most common cause of gynae admission
What % of all women in U.K. will be admitted with ovarian cysts by age 65 years?
4% of all women in U.K. will be admitted with ovarian cysts by age 65 years.
Ovarian cysts may be non-… or …
Ovarian cysts may be non-neoplastic or neoplastic
What % of ovarian cysts are benign?
90% of ovarian cysts are benign
Of surgically managed ovarian tumour/cysts:
- 13% in … group are malignant
- 45% in … group are malignant
- 13% in premenopausal group are malignant
- 45% in post-menopausal group are malignant
4 Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts include…
- Asymptomatic
- Pain
- Menstrual disruption
- Pressure
When should you worry about Asymptomatic Ovarian Cysts:
- What size in cm? (> …cm)
- What size with postmenopausal age group? (>…cm)
- What are some features to look for on USS? (complex)
- >8cm - tend to operate
- postmenopausal >5cm if certain features:
- Complexity of the cyst on USS
- Solid
- Septae
- Bilateral
- Free fluid
4 Complications of Ovarian Cysts
- T, R, H, I
- Torsion
- Rupture
- Haemorrhage
- Infection
Case Report 1 - Ovarian Cysts
- 22 y.o. Woman G0P0 (Gravidity, parity)
- Seen by G.P, With vague Right iliac fossa pain
- USS 5cm right ovarian cyst
- Later, Presented to A & E with lower abdominal pain
- Tenderness and guarding lower abdo
- Repeat USS No cyst, some free fluid - what has happened?
- cyst rupture - released contents into abdomen - guarding and tenderness across lower abd
- example below of ruptured cyst
Case Report 1 - Ovarian Cyst Rupture
- May be traumatic or spontaneous
- Symptoms depend on … and … of contents
- If mild … management is appropriate
- Sequelae include p.. and pseudomyxoma peritonei
- May be traumatic or spontaneous
- Symptoms depend on amount and character of contents
- If mild conservative management is appropriate
- Sequelae include peritonitis and pseudomyxoma peritonei
What is gravidity and parity?
Gravidity is defined as the number of times that a woman has been pregnant. Parity is defined as the number of times that she has given birth to a fetus with a gestational age of 24 weeks or more, regardless of whether the child was born alive or was stillborn.