Orbit and Nasal Cavity Flashcards
Nose
- Projection from the face
- Function is to filter dust entering the respiratory system
- Bones, comprised of paired nasal bones, m…, … bone and s…
- Cartilages, comprised of 3 main lateral, major … and septal
- Septum divides the chamber into two cavities
- Internal surface, lateral wall has three projections; superior, middle and inferior conchae
- Nasal cavity opens into …
- Supplied arterial branches from ophthalmic and maxillary
- Nerve supply from … nerve, ophthalmic (V1 and maxillary V2)
- Projection from the face
- Function is to filter dust entering the respiratory system
- Bones, comprised of paired nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum
- Cartilages, comprised of 3 main lateral, major alar and septal
- Septum divides the chamber into two cavities
- Internal surface, lateral wall has three projections; superior, middle and inferior conchae
- Nasal cavity opens into nasopharynx
- Supplied arterial branches from ophthalmic and maxillary
- Nerve supply from olfactory nerve, ophthalmic (V1 and maxillary V2)

Nose
- Projection from the face
- Function is to filter dust entering the respiratory system
- Bones, comprised of paired nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum
- Cartilages, comprised of 3 main …, major alar and …
- Septum divides the chamber into two cavities
- Internal surface, lateral wall has three projections; superior, middle and inferior …
- Nasal cavity opens into nasopharynx
- Supplied arterial branches from ophthalmic and maxillary
- Nerve supply from olfactory nerve, … (V1 and maxillary V2)
- Projection from the face
- Function is to filter dust entering the respiratory system
- Bones, comprised of paired nasal bones, maxillae, frontal bone and septum
- Cartilages, comprised of 3 main lateral, major alar and septal
- Septum divides the chamber into two cavities
- Internal surface, lateral wall has three projections; superior, middle and inferior conchae
- Nasal cavity opens into nasopharynx
- Supplied arterial branches from ophthalmic and maxillary
- Nerve supply from olfactory nerve, ophthalmic (V1 and maxillary V2)

Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfactory
- Type - special afferent - … - … extension
- Exit - …. plate
- Type - special afferent - sensory - Forebrain extension
- Exit - cribriform plate

Olfaction
- Olfaction, or the sense of smell, is the process of creating the perception of smell.
- Olfaction is aided by the air flow through the nasal cavity
- … help warm and moisten the air
- Olfaction receptors are in the epithelium lining the roof and walls, the epithelium secretes a … fluid, … gases are dissolved into the fluid and then detected by the olfactory nerves
- Olfaction, or the sense of smell, is the process of creating the perception of smell.
- Olfaction is aided by the air flow through the nasal cavity
- Conchae help warm and moisten the air
- Olfaction receptors are in the epithelium lining the roof and walls, the epithelium secretes a mucus fluid, odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid and then detected by the olfactory nerves

Paranasal sinuses
- Paranasal sinuses are … filled extensions of the nasal cavity
- Paired frontal sinuses in frontal bone that drain through … duct
- Ethmoidal cells are invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into … meatus (if anterior, or middle) or … meatus (if posterior)
- Sphenoidal sinuses in sphenoid bone that drain into spheno-ethmoidal recess.
- Paired maxillary sinuses in maxillary drains into … meatus.
- Paranasal sinuses are air filled extensions of the nasal cavity
- Paired frontal sinuses in frontal bone that drain through frontonasal duct
- Ethmoidal cells are invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into middle meatus (if anterior, or middle) or superior meatus (if posterior)
- Sphenoidal sinuses in sphenoid bone that drain into spheno-ethmoidal recess.
- Paired maxillary sinuses in maxillary drains into middle meatus.

Orbit Anatomy
- Made up of 7 bones:
- F…
- M…
- E…
- L…
- S…
- Temporal-Z…
- N…
- Made up of 7 bones:
- Frontal
- Maxilla
- Ethmoidal
- Lacrimal
- Sphenoidal
- Temporal-Zygomatic
- Nasal

The Eye
- The eyeball contains the optical apparatus for the visual system
- Located in …, suspended by muscles
- 3 layers
- Outer fibrous - … and …
- Vascular - …
- Inner - …
- The eye is divided into anterior and posterior chamber
- The eyeball contains the optical apparatus for the visual system
- Located in orbit, suspended by muscles
- 3 layers
- Outer fibrous - sclera and cornea
- Vascular - iris
- Inner - retina
- The eye is divided into anterior and posterior chamber

Visual Fields
- The optic …, or optic … is the part of the brain where the optic nerves cross.
The optic chiasm, or optic chiasma is the part of the brain where the optic nerves cross.

Cranial Nerve 2 - Optic
- Type: special afferent - sensory
- Exit: optic …
- Special embryology: optic …
- Grows out and lens vesicle grows in
- Type: special afferent - sensory
- Exit: optic canal
- Special embryology: optic stalk
- Grows out and lens vesicle grows in

Optic chiasm is very close to … gland
Optic chiasm is very close to pituitary gland
Movement of the eye
- 7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye and are responsible for moving it: … Palpebrae (moves eyelid), Superior …, Superior …, Medial …, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
- Movement of the eyeball occur around 3 axes: …, transverse and …
- 7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye and are responsible for moving it: Levator Palpebrae (moves eyelid), Superior Oblique, Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
- Movement of the eyeball occur around 3 axes: vertical, transverse and anteroposterior

Movement of the eye
- 7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye and are responsible for moving it: Levator … (moves eyelid), Superior …, Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior …
- Movement of the eyeball occur around 3 axes: …, …. and anteroposterior
- 7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye and are responsible for moving it: Levator Palpebrae (moves eyelid), Superior Oblique, Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Lateral Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique
- Movement of the eyeball occur around 3 axes: vertical, transverse and anteroposterior

Extra Ocular Muscles responsible for eye movement
- Superior … - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
- Inferior … - pulls up and out
- Superior … - lift eyeball up in elevation, but also in medially
- Inferior … - eyeball inferiorly and in
- Lateral … - eyeball laterally
- Medial … - eyeball mediall
- Superior oblique - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
- Inferior oblique - pulls up and out
- Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in elevation, but also in medially
- Inferior rectus - eyeball inferiorly and in
- Lateral rectus - eyeball laterally
- Medial rectus - eyeball mediall

- Lateral - natural line of eye - looks …
- Eyes work to come … to help us
Medial rectus - eyeball …
- Superior oblique - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
- Inferior oblique - pulls up and out
- Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in elevation, but also in medially
- Inferior rectus - eyeball inferiorly and in
- Lateral rectus - eyeball laterally
- Medial rectus - eyeball mediall
Extra Ocular Muscles responsible for eye movement
- Superior oblique - pulls … and … - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
- Inferior oblique - pulls up and …
- Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in …, but also in …
- Inferior rectus - eyeball … and …
- Lateral rectus - eyeball …
- Medial rectus - eyeball …
- Superior oblique - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
- Inferior oblique - pulls up and out
- Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in elevation, but also in medially
- Inferior rectus - eyeball inferiorly and in
- Lateral rectus - eyeball laterally
- Medial rectus - eyeball mediall

Lateral rectus - eyeball …
Lateral rectus - eyeball laterally
Inferior rectus - eyeball inferiorly and ….
Inferior rectus - eyeball inferiorly and in
Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in …, but also in …
Superior rectus - lift eyeball up in elevation, but also in medially
Inferior … - pulls up and out
Inferior oblique - pulls up and out
Superior … - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
Superior oblique - pulls down and out - has a trochlear holding it, also has trochlear nerve
Clinical testing - H shape (extra ocular muscles)

- Lateral rectus - suppled by abducent nerve (CN 6) - abducting
- Superior oblique - trochlear nerve (CN 4)
- All others = oculomotor
- Lateral rectus - suppled by … nerve (CN 6) - …
- Superior oblique - … nerve (CN 4)
- All others = … nerve
- Lateral rectus - suppled by abducent nerve (CN 6) - abducting
- Superior oblique - trochlear nerve (CN 4)
- All others = oculomotor
The … rectus is the only muscle supplied by cranial nerve VI, the abducens nerve
The lateral rectus is the only muscle supplied by cranial nerve VI, the abducens nerve

