Token economies schizophrenia Flashcards
Which of the following statements correctly describe token economies?
BThey encourage positive behaviour by associating it with a reward.
DThey use operant conditioning to encourage positive behaviour.
How are token economies used to manage patient behaviour in the hospital?
ETokens can be exchanged for rewards.
FThe patient learns to repeat positive, adaptive behaviours through positive reinforcement.
BPatients are given reward tokens when they engage in positive, adaptive behaviour.
When Zan initially sees the token he has no strong feelings towards it. Which element of classical conditioning is the token?
neutral stimulus
How does the patient learn through classical conditioning?
FThe patient develops a conditioned response to the token.
DThrough repeated association with the reward, the token becomes a conditioned stimulus.
BAt first, the token is a neutral stimulus.
What is the purpose of using a token economy?
To manage patients’ behaviour.
Dr. Barcoe recently implemented a token economy on her psychiatric ward, and began trialling it with one patient, named Ricky, who had schizophrenia.
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Ricky often experienced avolition, and it was difficult for staff to get him to focus on tasks. Dr. Barcoe gave Ricky a token every time he engaged in a new, positive behaviour, for example dressing himself and getting out of bed. Ricky then traded the tokens in at the end of the day for a reward. As he received more tokens, Ricky began to associate the token with the reward, motivating him to behave better.
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Question
$4.$
4. With reference to the scenario, explain how classical conditioning is involved in token economies.
Token economies use classical conditioning through the association of the token with the reward. The token is initially a neutral stimulus, however through repeated association with the reward, the token becomes a conditioned stimulus. This then elicits a conditioned response from the patient, in order to receive the reward. For example, Ricky developed a conditioned response to the token, because he associated the token with a good reward
In a lot of studies investigating token economies, token economies were used on all of the schizophrenic patients in the study, at the same time. So, there was no
In a lot of studies investigating token economies, token economies were used on all of the schizophrenic patients in the study, at the same time. So, there was no control group , which decreases the validity of the studies.
Without a control group, we can’t be totally sure that there is really a
Without a control group, we can’t be totally sure that there is really a cause and effect relationship between token economies and improvements in behaviour.
Dickerson et al.’s investigated the effectiveness of token economies by conducting a…
Dreview of 13 studies.
Dickerson et al. reviewed
$13$
13 studies in which token economies had been used to manage patient behaviour, and found that…
Dtoken economies were especially useful in combination with other therapies.
A
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1 1 of the studies reported improvements in patient behaviour
Which of the following represent one limitation of many studies investigating token economies?
BThey often lack a control group.
CWe can’t be sure that there is a cause and effect relationship.
What are token economies used for in hospitals?
To manage patient behaviour.
Which of the following statements are true about the second limitation of token economies?
Outside of the hospital, it’s harder to monitor patient behaviour and provide an immediate reward for positive behaviour.
AThey have limited use outside of the hospital.
If patients are not getting an immediate response for positive behaviour..
CThey are less likely to form an association between their positive behaviour and the reward.
Token economics manage behaviour by providing tokens that can be exchanged for
This encourages good behaviour through positive reinforcement .
