organs of psychology approaches

Question 1

Paradigms

Answer 1

Within sciences we all live in paradigms. Paradigms are a particular way of looking at the world.

Question 2

Paradigm Shifts

Answer 2

Sometimes however, evidence leads us to change our view, for a better one that explains more of the evidence. These are called paradigm shifts

Question 3

Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts

Answer 3

Within sciences we all live in paradigms. Paradigms are a particular way of looking at the world.

Sometimes however, evidence leads us to change our view, for a better one that explains more of the evidence. These are called paradigm shifts.

Question 4

Psychology’s early philosophical roots: Rene Descartes (1596 – 1650)

Answer 4

• French Philosopher
• Caretesian dualism: mind and body are independent of each other.
• ‘I think therefore I am’.

Question 5

Psychology’s early philosophical roots: John Locke (1632-1704)

Answer 5

• Enlightenment.
• Empiricism.
• Tabula rose – blank states.
• Behaviourist approach.
• Theory stated that when we are born, we are a blank state and we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. Knowledge comes from sensory experience (empiricism).

Question 6

Psychology’s early philosophical roots: Charles Darwin (1809 – 1882)

Answer 6

• Evolutionary theory
• Biological approach
• Evolutionary theory: notion that all human and animal behaviour has changed over successive generations so that individuals with stronger adaptive genes survive and reproduce.
• Biological approach: assumption that many human behaviours, such as social behaviour, have evolved due to their adaptive value.

Question 7

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 7

• 1832 – 1920
• Physician, psychologist, philosopher, and professor.
• Founding figure in modern psychology.
• Father of experimental psychology.
• Extensive research and written work on general psychology, cultural psychology, and neuropsychology.

Question 8

Origins of Psychology: The Emergence of Psychology as a Science

behaviourist approach

Answer 8

• John B. Watson (1913).
• Behaviourist approach: thought that introspection was too subjective, and we should only study the directly observable.

Question 9

• fMR

Answer 9

– functional magnetic resonance imaging.
- Oxygen rich areas of brain.

Question 10

• Electroencephalogram (EEG).

Answer 10

• Tracks and records brain wave patterns.
• Small electrodes placed on the scalp.