resistance to conformity Flashcards
Social support obedience
Social support also helps people resist obedience
Milgrams variation:
Rate of obidednce went from 65% to 10% when participant joined by a disobedience confederate
Dosobencice acts a model for the participant to copy
Locus of Control
Julian Rotter (1966) internal control: individuals are responsible for that happens to them External control: individuals believe extrenal forces are responsible for what happens
LOC relationship with resistance
People with internal LOC miore likely to resist pressures to conform or obey high internal LOC: self-confident, more achievement orientated, higher intelligence, and less need for social approval
Allen and Levine (1971):
conformity decreased when there was one dissenter in the Asch- type experiment… even if the dissenter wore thick glasses and said he had difficulty with vision
Resistance is not just motivation by following what someone else says but it enab;enables someone to be free of the pressure from the group
Evaluation: resistance to support: gamson
Gamson et al (1982) found higher levels of resistance in their study than Milgram probably because participants in Gammons study were in groups to produce evidence that would help an oil company run smear camgin
Evaluation: resistance to support: Holland (1967)
reputed Milgrasms baseline study and measured if participants were internals or externals
37% of internals did not continue to highest stock
23% externals did not continue to highest stock
Increases the validity of LOC
Evaluation: resistance to support
Tweenge et al (2004)
analysed data from American LOC studies over 40 years (1960-2002) over time people have become more resistant but also more external. This challenges the link between internal LOC and resistant behaviour but could it be due to a changing society?
Informed consent:
Making participants aware of the aims of the research, procedures their rights and what their data will be used for
Participants can then make informed judgement about participants
Deception:
Deliberately misleading or withholding information from participation from participants at any stage of the investigation
There are occasions where deception can be justified if it does not cause undue distress
Protection from harm:
As a result of their involvement, participants should not be placed at any more risk than they would be in their daily lives, should be protected from physical and psychological harm
Privacy and confidentiality
Particpants have the right to control information about themselves > the right of privacy
Confidentially refers to our right to gave personal data protected
Right tro privacy extends to area where they study took place are not named
Ways of dealing with ethical issues: BPS code if conduct
British psychological society has a code of ethics and ethical guidelines
These guidelines are implemented by eitghuics committees in research intisitution who use a cost benefit approach to determine if research propels are ethically acceptable
what do participants need
Participants should have consent letter detailing all relevant inform, information that might affect their decision to participate. If participant agrees, then they sign the form
Alternate ways of getting consent
Presumptive consent: rather than getting consent from individuals a similar group of people are asked if study is acceptable. if groups agrees then consent is presumed
Prior general consent: participants give their permission to particpate in number of different studies - including ones that involve deception
Retrospective consent: participants are asked for their consent having already taken part in the study
Presumptive consent
ther than getting consent from individuals a similar group of people are asked if study is acceptable. if groups agrees then consent is presumed
