Evolutionary Explanations of Aggression Flashcards
The evolutionary explanation of aggression says that…
Bthrough the process of natural selection we have evolved to display aggression.
Cin the age of prehistoric man, aggression was an adaptive behaviour that helped us survive and reproduce.
A first advantage of aggression for early men was that
Cit helped men gain access to women.
Ait helped men gain access to resources, like food.
A second advantage of aggression for early men was that…
Dit helped men gain dominance over other men.
A third advantage of aggression for early men was that…
Cit helped men prevent infidelity.
According to the evolutionary explanation, aggression was adaptive for early men for 3 reasons:
Cit helped men prevent infidelity.
Ait helped men gain dominance over other men.
Hit helped men gain access to resources like food, and also to women.
According to the evolutionary explanation, cavewomen are likely to select…
Amore aggressive cavemen, because they can provide the resources that they need to keep their babies alive.
According to Lorenz and his friends…
aggression is a behaviour that has evolved through natural selection.
We’ve now seen that the ethological explanation of aggression…
Eattempts to understand aggression in humans by looking at aggression in other species, when they’re in their natural habitat.
Bis also an evolutionary explanation
According to the ethological explanation, aggression helps animals…
Cgain or maintain access to reproductive partners.
Dprotect their territory.
Egain or maintain access to food.
According to the ethological explanation of aggression, the purpose of aggression is…
Ato enable animals to gain access to resources.
Britualistic.
Cto help animals find a mate.
A fixed action pattern…
Eoccurs in response to specific sign stimuli.
Ais an innate, fixed set of behaviours.
Neurons in our brains produce fixed action patterns by sending signals to parts of the brain involved in motor control, like the…
Bmotor cortex
Aggression only occurs in response to triggers in the environment, called…
sign stimulus
Which of these is the innate releasing mechanism in this example?
Cthe set of neurons which produces the goose’s egg-rolling action
The innate releasing mechanism is…
Athe specific set of neurons that produces a fixed action pattern
Outline the ethological explanation of aggression.
The ethological explanation attempts to understand aggression by looking at aggression in other species, when they’re in their natural habitat. It is similar to the evolutionary explanation as it says that aggression is adaptive and has evolved. This explanation also says that aggression is ritualistic and is a fixed action pattern, in response to particular stimuli in the environment.
What is a fixed action pattern and when does it occur?
Aggression is a fixed action pattern, which is an innate, fixed set of behaviours that occur in response to specific sign stimuli
Which of the following statements is true about the innate releasing mechanisms?
They work by sending signals to parts of the brain involved in motor control, like the motor cortex
They are specific neurons in our brains that produce fixed action patterns in response to specific sign stimuli.
The male stickleback’s aggressive behaviour is a…
fixed action pattern
It is triggered by the appearance of a big red circle, which is a…
sign stimulus
Tinbergen’s study supports
CTinbergen found that, whenever male sticklebacks see a big red circle, they display the same fixed set of aggressive behaviours.
ATinbergen’s study of sticklebacks supports the ethological explanation of aggression.
FTinbergen’s study supports the idea that aggression is a fixed action pattern triggered by sign stimuli.
Aggression that leads to fights isn’t an
Aggression that leads to fights isn’t an adaptive behaviour
One limitation of the ethological explanation of aggression is that evidence indicates that…
Jane Goodall found that…
Dchimpanzees will fight and kill chimpanzees from neighbouring groups.
This is a problem for the ethological explanation because…
kill
Cit shows that aggression isn’t always adaptive.
According to the ethological explanation, aggression is…
Da fixed action pattern.
Binnate.
Which of the following statements are true? | Select all that apply.
ANisbett investigated
BNisbett investigated aggression in white males from the Northern states and the Southern states.
CHe got a fellow researcher to insult the participants, and observed their reaction.
How is this a problem nibsett for evoulationtion and ethical
It is a problem because both of these explanation see aggression as biologically determined and doesn’t not account for cultural differences
Tinbergen studied aggression in…
Tinbergen studied aggression in stickleback fish.
A problem with animal studies is that they can lack
A problem with animal studies is that they can lack generalisability to humans.
Complex behaviour in humans is usually due to an interaction between what two kinds of factor?
You needed to say the following: Genetic.
You also needed to say the following: Environmental.
A third limitation of the ethological explanation is that
because it is based on animal studies, it may lack generalisability.
Aggression in fish vs humans
More complex in humans than in fish, stickleback always attacked red spot would be the same in humans it is likely that in humans it is a mixture of the enviromengt and genetic. Human brain vs fishes Brian
Which of the following statements are true about Tinbergen’s methodology?
EHe introduced fake stickleback fish to the tank to test the fishes aggressive reactions to them.
AHe observed aggression in stickleback fish.
How does Tinbergen’s study support the ethological explanation?
EIt shows that aggression is triggered by specific sign stimuli.
CIt shows that aggression is a fixed action pattern
Jane Goodall’s research suggested that aggression…
Eisn’t always adaptive.
Cisn’t always ritualistic
Aisn’t always due to natural selection.
Outline Nisbett’s findings from his research comparing
Nisbett found that white American men from Southern states were more prone to aggressive behaviour than American men from Northern states, which indicates that there are cultural differences in aggression. Therefore, Nisbett’s study can be seen as evidence against the ethological explanation of aggression, which says that aggression is evolutionarily determined, and not influenced by culture.
: Due to the ethological explanation being based on animals studies, it may lack…
Because humans are very different, and more complex, than many animals, what we learn from animals may not help us to understand human behaviours. This means that the results of animal studies may not be generalisable to humans.
