forgetting Flashcards
What is forgetting?
A failure to retrieve memories
Retrieval failure
Explanation for forgetting when martial is stored in the LTM but cannot be consciously recalled
Interference
Explanation for forgetting when similar material is confused in recall from the LTM
Interference theory
Forgetting as due to information in LTM becoming confused with or disrupted other information during coding, leading to inaccurate results.
what is porn
P: proactive inference
O: old memories interfere with new
R: retroactive interference
N: new memories interfere with old
what was Badly and hitch (1977)
Asked rugby players to remember as many of the teams they played against.
Forgetfulness was due more to number 0f games okayed rather than time passed.
Participants learned a lost if 10 words until they could remember them with 100% accuracy. They then learned a new list.
Research: McGeoch and McDonald (1931)
result:The more similar the list the worse the recall. This shows that memories that are similar run together. This highlights the effects of similarity on interference.
Interference and cues:
One issue of the interference theory of forgetting is that cues can lessen the effects of interference.
Encoding specifically principle (ESP)
Tulving (1983) if a cue is used to help us recall information it has to be present at encoding and at retrieval
Context
- dependent failure
A form of CDF
where recall occurs in a different external setting to coding
Research: Context dependent failure
summary
Godden and Baddeley (1975)
Divers learned material either on dry land or underwater
The study consisted of deep-sea divers learning a list of words and recalling these words in 4 conditions. Learn on land, recall on land Learn underwater, recall on land Learn on land, recall underwater Learn underwater, recall underwater
Research: Context dependent failure
result
Accurate recall was 40% lower in non matching conditions and the experiments concluded that the extrean;l cues amiable were different from the ones aviable at recall and this led to retrieval failure.
