exam mock revison 2 Flashcards
Explain what is meant by ‘inference’
going beyond the immediate evidence to make
assumptions about mental processes that cannot be directly observed.
Outline what is meant by ‘congruence’. Explain one way in which Dominic might achieve congruence
congruence is the fit/match/comparability/consistency between the perceived self (how you
see yourself) and the ideal self (the self you would like to be).
* Dominic needs to close the gap/discrepancy between his perceived and his ideal self
* gap can be reduced/closed if he develops a more healthy view of himself, or, has a more
achievable and realistic ideal self – unconditional positive regard from the therapist is an example of a specific strategy here.
Outline one difference between the EEG and ERPs.
EEG is a recording of general brain activity usually linked to states such as sleep and arousal, whilst ERPs are elicited by specific stimuli presented to the participant.
Outline the structures and processes involved in synaptic transmission.
the synaptic cleft; pre and postsynaptic membranes; postsynaptic receptor sites, neurotransmitters in vesicles in the presynaptic terminal, release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft when stimulated by nerve impulses (action potentials) arriving at the presynaptic terminal, combination of neurotransmitters with postsynaptic receptors; postsynaptic effects either excitatory (depolarisation) or inhibitory (hyperpolarisation).
Explain one advantage of using a stratified sample of participants in this study.
ensures that this sample is truly representative because different types of people (males/females) working in this company are represented in the sample in the correct proportions.
Explain how using the standard deviation rather than the range, in this situation, would improve the study
1 mark – this would be an improvement because the SD is a measure of dispersion that was less
easily distorted by a single extreme score.
Plus 1 mark – one that takes account of the distance of all the verbal error scores from the mean.
Plus
1 mark – not just the distance between the highest verbal error score and the lowest verbal error
score.
21 The psychologist found the results were significant at p<0.05. What is meant by ‘the results
This means that there is a less than 5% likelihood that this difference would occur if there is no real difference between the conditions
Briefly explain one method the psychologist could use to check the validity of the data she
collected in this study.
giving participants an alternative/established verbal fluency test and checking to see that the two sets of data are positively correlated (concurrent validity).
Briefly explain one reason why it is important for research to undergo a peer review
ensures published research is taken seriously because it has been independently scrutinised
Explain how the study might be improved by using a matched pairs design?
With independent groups participant variables might have caused the lower post therapy scores for group 2 rather than the therapy. Therefore it would be better to use matched Paris designed as to would reduce the participant variables. This is because participants could be matched on ability and then put into separate conditions
The researcher used a questionnaire to assess the anger scores of the
offenders. Briefly discuss one strength of using questionnaires in research.
the ability to collect large amounts of data relatively quickly and conveniently
skewed data scores
group A scores indicate a normal dosturbition
because in Group A the mean median and mode are almost the same
group B scores indicate a positively skewed distribution
because the mean is higher than the mode
