the working model of memory

Question 1

Phonological loop (PL)

Answer 1

Baddeley demonstrated that the pl is limited by showing that the length of words alters our ability to remember them. Thus, the PL seems to be becoming full because the second list had more syllables

Question 2

Visuo - spatial sketchpad (VSS)

Answer 2

Inner eye and temporary store for visual and spatial items
Consist of two parts:
Visual cache (VC) stores visual material about form and colour ]
Inner scribe (IS) spatial relationships and rehearses

Question 3

Episodic Buffer

Answer 3

Temporarily stores information combined form the FE,PL,VSS and LTM

Question 4

Evaluation: Clinical evidence

Answer 4

Shallice and Warrington’s (1970) case study on patient KF who suffered brain damage (could recall letters and digits but had trouble with sound)

Question 5

Evaluation: dual task performance

Answer 5

Dual task performance support the separate existence

Question 6

Evaluation: lack of clarity over the CE

Answer 6

The CE is the most important but least understood component of WMM
CE needs to be more Cleary specified than just being simply ‘attention’

Question 7

Evalatuion: studies of the word length effects support of PL

Answer 7

Baddeley et all(1975) demonstrated word length effect: that people find it difficult to remember costs of long words rather than short words

Question 8

Evaluation: brain scanning supports the WMM

Answer 8

Braver et al (1997): participants given tasks that involved the CE while brains scanned

Question 9

WMM defo

Answer 9

an explanation that sees short term memory as an active store holding several pieces of information simultaneously

Question 10

Visual cache (VC)

Answer 10

stores visual material about form and colour ]

Question 11

Inner scribe (IS)

Answer 11

spatial relationships and rehearses

Question 12

what was badly and hitch (1974)

Answer 12

expanded the idea of complexity of STM

Question 13

coding sensory register

Answer 13

separate sensory stores for different sensory inputs

Question 14

coding short term. memory

Answer 14

mainly acoustic, but other codes used

Baddeley (1966) immdeiate recall study

Question 15

coding long term memory

Answer 15

mainly semantic, but other codes used

Baddeley (1966) delayed recall study

Question 16

Centreal executive: research

Answer 16

Baddeley (1996)
Generate lists of random numbers while simultaneously switching between pressing numbers and letters on a keyboard
Participants cannot attend to more than one flow of information at once. This demonstrates that the central executive had a limited capacity.

Question 17

capacity sensory register

Answer 17

huge

Question 18

capacity short term memory

Answer 18

small: 5-9 chucks of information Jacob’s (1887)

Question 19

capacity long term memory

Answer 19

huge

Question 20

duration sensory register

Answer 20

varies between different sensory stores

Question 21

duration short term

Answer 21

short maximum 30 sec

Peterson and Peterson (1959)

Question 22

duration long term memory

Answer 22

potentially a lifetime

BAHRICK ET ALL (1974)

Question 23

central executive defo

Answer 23

supervisory allocates subsystems to task, very limited capacity

Question 24

central executive clinical evidence

Answer 24

KF had poor auditory memory but good visual memory. dmaged PL vss fine

Question 25

central executive counterpoint

Answer 25

KF may have had other impairments that affected his WM

Question 26

phonological loop defo

Answer 26

auditory information - phonological store and articulatory process coding = acoustic capacity 2 seconds

Question 27

dual task performance

Answer 27

difficult to do two visual tasks at the same time but one visual and one verbal is ok

Question 28

viso spital sketpad coding and capacity

Answer 28

``` coding = visual capacity = 3 or 4 objects ```

Question 29

episodic buffer

Answer 29

intergrated data from subsystem and records the order of events. linked to LTM coding = flexible capacity 4 chunks

Question 30

nature of the central executive

Answer 30

not well specified need to be more than attention

Question 31

emulation extra validity of the model

Answer 31

dual task studies: support WMM but are highly controlled, using artificial tasks