the working model of memory Flashcards
Phonological loop (PL)
Baddeley demonstrated that the pl is limited by showing that the length of words alters our ability to remember them. Thus, the PL seems to be becoming full because the second list had more syllables
Visuo - spatial sketchpad (VSS)
Inner eye and temporary store for visual and spatial items
Consist of two parts:
Visual cache (VC) stores visual material about form and colour ]
Inner scribe (IS) spatial relationships and rehearses
Episodic Buffer
Temporarily stores information combined form the FE,PL,VSS and LTM
Evaluation: Clinical evidence
Shallice and Warrington’s (1970) case study on patient KF who suffered brain damage (could recall letters and digits but had trouble with sound)
Evaluation: dual task performance
Dual task performance support the separate existence
Evaluation: lack of clarity over the CE
The CE is the most important but least understood component of WMM
CE needs to be more Cleary specified than just being simply ‘attention’
Evalatuion: studies of the word length effects support of PL
Baddeley et all(1975) demonstrated word length effect: that people find it difficult to remember costs of long words rather than short words
Evaluation: brain scanning supports the WMM
Braver et al (1997): participants given tasks that involved the CE while brains scanned
WMM defo
an explanation that sees short term memory as an active store holding several pieces of information simultaneously
Visual cache (VC)
stores visual material about form and colour ]
Inner scribe (IS)
spatial relationships and rehearses
what was badly and hitch (1974)
expanded the idea of complexity of STM
coding sensory register
separate sensory stores for different sensory inputs
coding short term. memory
mainly acoustic, but other codes used
Baddeley (1966) immdeiate recall study
coding long term memory
mainly semantic, but other codes used
Baddeley (1966) delayed recall study
Centreal executive: research
Baddeley (1996)
Generate lists of random numbers while simultaneously switching between pressing numbers and letters on a keyboard
Participants cannot attend to more than one flow of information at once. This demonstrates that the central executive had a limited capacity.
capacity sensory register
huge
capacity short term memory
small: 5-9 chucks of information Jacob’s (1887)
capacity long term memory
huge
duration sensory register
varies between different sensory stores
duration short term
short maximum 30 sec
Peterson and Peterson (1959)
duration long term memory
potentially a lifetime
BAHRICK ET ALL (1974)
central executive defo
supervisory allocates subsystems to task, very limited capacity
central executive clinical evidence
KF had poor auditory memory but good visual memory. dmaged PL vss fine
central executive counterpoint
KF may have had other impairments that affected his WM
phonological loop defo
auditory information - phonological store and articulatory process
coding = acoustic
capacity 2 seconds
dual task performance
difficult to do two visual tasks at the same time but one visual and one verbal is ok
viso spital sketpad coding and capacity
coding = visual capacity = 3 or 4 objects
episodic buffer
intergrated data from subsystem and records the order of events. linked to LTM coding = flexible capacity 4 chunks
nature of the central executive
not well specified need to be more than attention
emulation extra validity of the model
dual task studies: support WMM but are highly controlled, using artificial tasks
