Gender Introduction to Sex and Gender Biological Influences on Sex and Gender

Question 1

Gender meaning

Answer 1

. And the word “gender” refers to whether a person is a man or a woman, based on their appearance , behaviour and psychological tra

Question 2

Sex meaning

Answer 2

The word “sex” refers to whether a person’s body is male or female, based on their biology or anatomy and anatomy or biology

Question 3

Gender identity

Answer 3

Gender identity is someone’s personal, internal sense of gender .

Question 4

Gender stereotype

Answer 4

Gender stereotypes, or sex-role stereotypes, are rigid and overly simplified beliefs about men and women .

Question 5

People used to believe that it was impossible to be both caring and powerful, or both sensitive and aggressive. In other words, people used to believe that…

Answer 5

you can’t display both masculine and feminine personality traits.

Question 6

Sandra bem 1970 did what?

Answer 6

In the 1970s, Sandra Bem described people with high levels of both masculine or male or feminine or female and feminine or female or masculine or male traits as androgynous .

Question 7

What did flahety and dusek do?

Answer 7

Flaherty and Dusek conducted a study showing that people who are androgynous , according to the BSRI , tend to have higher emotional well-being or emotional wellbeing or wellbeing or well-being than those who are not androgynous.

Question 8

More recent studies of has shown what about flahety and dusek?

Answer 8

Taht masculine traits tend to be happier this challenges flashy and dusek because it could be because of the masculine traits that Androgynous people have emotional well being

Question 9

BSRI method

Answer 9

100 students from her university questionnaire

Question 10

What does the BSRI measure

Answer 10

How much people conform to sex roles streolytypes

How Androgynous people are

Question 11

We can test the internal reliability of a questionnaire using…

Answer 11

Split-half, split half.

Question 12

We can test the external; validity using?

Answer 12

Test retest
Inter rater

Question 13

Three strengths of the BSRI are…

Answer 13

Eit has high internal reliability

Cit has low gender bias

Ait has high external reliability

Question 14

Two limitations of the BSRI are…

Answer 14

Eit may lack temporal validity

Cpeople may interpret the scale in different ways

Question 15

We’ve now seen how sex glands develop…

Answer 15

GIf a person has XX chromosomes, their sex glands develop into ovaries.

DThe Y chromosome contains the SRY gene.

EIf a person has XY chromosomes, their sex glands develop into testes.

AThere is a gene called the SRY gene which causes sex glands to develop into testes.

Question 16

Select all the correct statements about oxytocin.

Answer 16

HOxytocin helps females give birth by stimulating the muscles around the uterus.

IOxytocin stimulates the production of milk from a woman’s breasts.

EFemales produce more oxytocin than males.

AOxytocin is a hormone.

BOxytocin is produced by the pituitary gland.

Question 17

Oxytocin decribition on gender

Answer 17

Oxytocin is associated with empathetic or empathy , sensitive and caring behaviour.
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Females produce more oxytocin than males.
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Females are often seen as more empathetic, sensitive or caring than males.
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So oxytocin may influence behavioural differences, or in other words: oxytocin may influence gender .

Question 18

What hav e studies found between restore and aggression

Answer 18

Studies have found a positive correlation between testosterone levels and aggression or competitiveness.

Question 19

How does testornone influence brain development
Testosterone may influence brain development in two ways:

Answer 19

firstly, testosterone increases the size of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the hypothalamus , a brain region that controls sexual behaviour.



Secondly, testosterone may increase brain lateralisation , which might cause differences between how males and females behave.

Question 20

Two limitations of studies into the effects of hormones on gender are:

Answer 20

Firstly, some of the studies are correlational and can’t therefore establish cause and effect.
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Secondly, many studies are animals studies which may not generalise to humans.

Question 21

We have seen one limitation of hormone studies which directly investigate cause and effect in humans.

Answer 21

We have seen one limitation of hormone studies which directly investigate cause and effect in humans.

Question 22

Expectations about the effects of hormones can act as confounding variables .

Answer 22

For example, when Eisenegger deceived women by telling them they were taking testosterone , they behaved more competitively and unfairly.

Question 23

So, to sum up, we have seen two limitations of brain imaging studies which show differences between male and female brains.

Answer 23

Firstly, these differences are not always replicated by other studies.
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For example, a meta-analysis undertaken by Janet hyde found very little difference between the brains of males and females.
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Secondly, other studies have found bigger differences within the sexes than between them.

Question 24

David reimer

Answer 24

David Reimer was born biologically male but underwent a sex change in which his genitalia or sexual organs or penis and testes or genitals were removed.
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His parents tried to raise him as a girl or woman or female but failed, which suggests that gender is greatly influenced by biological factors like having XY chromosomes and high testosterone levels before birth.

Question 25

But there are also sometimes psychological differences, such as: knlifender

Answer 25

You needed to say any of the following: Language, speaking.
You also needed to say any of the following: Difficulties, difficulty, learning disabilities, special educational needs.

Question 26

What is the BSRI

Answer 26

The BSRI is a questionnaire that measures a participant’s masculine and feminine traits. It classifies people as masculine, feminine, androgynous or undifferentiated.

Question 27

What are the strengths of the BSI

Answer 27

The first strength of the BSRI is that it produces consistent results each time an individual takes the test - this method of evaluating a questionnaire is called the test-retest method. It shows that the BSRI has high external reliability .



The second strength of the BSRI is that it has high internal reliability , which has been tested by using the split-half or split half method.



The third strength of the BSRI is that it uses traits which were selected by both men and women. This means it is unlikely to have any gender bias .

Question 28

Why do tests develop ?

Answer 28

Testes develop as a result of the SRY gene which is located on the Y sex chromosome

Question 29

Turner’s syndrome causes some physical differences, such as:

Answer 29

You needed to say any of the following: Shorter, height, short, less tall, not as tall.
You also needed to say the following: Webbed neck.
You also needed to say any of the following: Underdeveloped ovaries, less developed ovaries.
You also needed to say any of the following: Infertility, infertile, sterile, sterility.
You also needed to say any of the following: Not getting periods, no periods, lack of periods, no menstruation, lack of menstruation.

Question 30

But there are also sometimes psychological differences, such as:
List the three psychological differences we covered in this video.But there are also sometimes psychological differences, such as:

Answer 30

Difficulties, difficulty, learning disabilities, special educational needs, difficulty making friends.

Question 31

Klinefelter’s syndrome causes some physical differences, such as:
List the five physical differences we covered.

Answer 31

Klinefelter’s syndrome causes some physical differences, such as less muscle and body hair, increased height, infertility and breast tissue development.