neurons form the book

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

the basic building blocks of the nervous system neurons are nerve cells that process and transmit messages through electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

sensory neurons

Answer 2

these carry messages from the PNS to the CNS. they have long dendrites and short axons

Question 3

relay neurons

Answer 3

these connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neurons they have short dendrites and short axons

Question 4

motor neurons

Answer 4

these connect the CNS to effectors such as muscle and glands. they have short dendrites

Question 5

the cell body

Answer 5

includes a nucleus which contains the genetic material cell

Question 6

what does the nucleus contain

Answer 6

genetic material

Question 7

dendrites

Answer 7

they carry impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body

Question 8

the axon

Answer 8

carries impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron

Question 9

myelin sheath

Answer 9

protects the axon and speeds up electrical impulses

Question 10

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 10

these speed up the transmission of teh impulse by forcing it to jump across gaps along the axon

Question 11

terminal buttons

Answer 11

they communicate with the next neuron in the chain across a gap known as the synapse

Question 12

where are the cell bodies od motor neurons located

Answer 12

CNS

Question 13

where are the long axons of motor neurons found

Answer 13

they form part of the PNS

Question 14

where are sensory neurons located

Answer 14

Outside the CNS in the PNS in clusters known as the Ganglia

Question 15

where are relay neuorns found

Answer 15

in the Brian or visual system

Question 16

synaptic transmission

Answer 16

the process by which neighbouring neuron’s communicate with each other by sending chemical messages across the gap the synapse that separates them

Question 17

The knee-jerk reflex is an example of a reflex arc:

Answer 17

A stimulus, such as a hammer, hits the knee. This is detected by sense organs in the PNS (peripheral nervous system), which convey a message along a sensory neuron.

The message reaches the CNS (central nervous system), where it connects with a relay neuron.

This then transfers the message to a motor neuron.

This then carries the message to an effector, such as a muscle, which causes the muscle to contract and, hence, causes the knee to move or jerk.

Question 18

what is a pain receptor what neuron

Answer 18

sensory neuron