rm2 revsions mockx

Question 1

how to conduct a case study

Answer 1

Create a theory, which will then be tested experimentally.
The emphasis is on qualitative data, though quantitative measures can be taken. The studies also tend to be longitudinal, so that they can capture insight over a longer period of time.

Question 2

Limitations of Standard deviation

Answer 2

May hide some characteristics of the data set eg extreme values

Question 3

Strengths of Standard deviation

Answer 3

is a precise measure of dispersion as it takes all the exact values into account

Question 4

Strengths of Mode

Answer 4

Unaffected by extreme values

- It is much more useful for discrete data.

The only method that can be used when data is in categories i.e nominal data

Question 5

Strengths of median

Answer 5

not affected by extreme scores 
-
Appropriate for ordinal (ranked) data

it can be wiser to calculate the mean

Question 6

Limitations of Median

Answer 6

Not as sensitive as the mean as the exact values are not reflected in the final calculation

Question 7

Limitations of Mean

Answer 7

Can be biased by skewed (overlying) scores.


- often mean score is not one of the original scores (2.4)

-
Can not be very representative of the data at times eg average family is 2.4 children

Question 8

Strengths of mean

Answer 8

Most sensitive measure of central tendency includes all the raw data. Most suitable for interval or ratio state

Question 9

reliability

Answer 9

Reliability: extent to which a measuring device or assessment (e.g., experiment) is consistent.

Question 10

validity

Answer 10

Validity: extent to which results are legitimate. Whether a study measures what it claims to measure.

Question 11

Internal reliability

Answer 11

extent to which a measure is consistent with itself (e.g., IQ must test IQ, not celebrity knowledge).

Question 12

Assessing internal reliability:

Answer 12

Split-half analysis – test randomly divided in 2. Is there a positive correlation between scores on one and the other?
Item analysis – performance on item is compared with overall score. Again, positive correlation is desirable.

Question 13

External reliability

Answer 13

extent to which a measure varies from one time to another

Question 14

Assessing external reliability

Answer 14

Test-retest- same person is tested twice over a period of time.
Replication – any research should produce similar findings if repeated.

Question 15

Inter-observer reliability

Answer 15

Measure of the consistency of ratings.
Basically, the ability to say that different people observing the same event will observe it in the same way. 
Example:
Judges in gymnastics rating a performer the same score
Talent shows judges rating a performance.

Question 16

How would you assess inter-rater reliability?

Answer 16

Make sure that observers are seeing everything from the same perspective/viewpoint.
Observers should keep in discussion to make sure they’re on the same track