attachment dates and study

Question 1

Meltzof and Moore (1977)

Answer 1

observed interactional synchrony in infants. An adult displayed 1 of 3 facial expressions or gestured and the child’s response was filmed. An association was found between adult and child behaviour.


Question 2

Grossman (2002).

Answer 2

The quality of infant attachment in adolescence was related to the quality of play with the father. The father is important in a stimulation role, rather than a nurturing role.
OR: Fathers are usually seen as the secondary caregiver (mother being primary).

Question 3

what year was Grossman

Answer 3

2002

Question 4

what year was meotzof and Moore

Answer 4

1977

Question 5

Field (1978)

Answer 5

found that primary caregiver fathers spent more time nurturing than secondary caregiver fathers. They can play a primary role, however it is the level of response that is important.

Question 6

what year was field

Answer 6

1978

Question 7

Outline Schaffer and Emerson’s study into the formation of early relationship.

Answer 7

Aimed to investigate the age of attachment formation and who they are formed with. Mothers of 60 babies from Glasgow report monthly on separation and stranger anxiety. Most babies showed attachment to a primary caregiver by 32 weeks and developed multiple attachments soon after this.

Question 8

Outline the procedure and findings from the Strange Situation.

Answer 8

Outline the procedure and findings from the Strange Situation.
A controlled observation with a two-way mirror to observe behaviour. Five categories are used to judge attachment quality - proximity seeking, exploration and secure base behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, reunion behaviour.


Child is exposed to a sequence of episodes to test the above. These involve the child being with the parent, left alone, a stranger interacting with the child (and without the parent there), and the caregiver returning.


Ainsworth found distinct patterns in behaviour: secure attachment (60-75%), insecure-avoidant attachment (20-25%) and insecure-resistant attachment (3%).

Question 9

Takahashi and what year

Answer 9

explain that Japanese mothers are rarely separated from their children and so they show high levels of separation anxiety

Question 10

Kagen (1982)

Answer 10

suggests that temperament is more important. Challenges validity - if the Strange Situation measures attachment behaviour, but this id also affected by temperament, this does not purely measure attachment.