aggression paper 3 quo Flashcards
What are innate releasing mechanisms?
Innate releasing mechanisms (IRMs) are hard-wired brain networks that respond to specific stimuli (signs or releasers) by initiating a fixed action pattern, a set sequence of behaviours. For example IRM in relation to aggression include the male stickleback showing aggressive behaviour to red-bellied sticklebacks (male rivals).
Describe neural mechanisms in aggression.
Possible content:
* limbic system, particularly the hypothalamus and amygdala, is responsible for aggressive behaviour
* fMRI scans show heightened amygdala activity during aggressive response
* stimulation of the amygdala can increase/decrease aggression response
* frontal cortex moderates the expression of aggression – reduced serotonin activity in the prefrontal cortex is related to reduced self-control/disinhibition
* lower levels of 5-HIAA (by-product of serotonin breakdown) are found in impulsive/poorly controlled offenders
* testosterone may mediate the activity of the amygdala and/or the orbitofrontal cortex.
Jane is talking about her husband to a friend.
Jane says, “Bill gets angry if I text any of my male friends. He’s always looking at my mobile phone. He gets upset if I want to go out with friends and insists on coming along too. I suppose it is nice in a way because he is so strong and protective.”
Use your knowledge of evolutionary explanations of aggression to explain Jane’s comments.
Possible application:
* evolutionary theory states that males compete for females – Bill gets angry because he sees Jane’s male friends as potential rivals – this is an example of sexual jealousy
* Bill is anxious to prevent Jane forming a relationship with other males so as to avoid cuckoldry, ie Jane being unfaithful
* Bill shows mate retention strategies, eg checking Jane’s mobile is an example of male vigilance over partner’s behaviour; going along on nights out is an example of direct guarding
* Jane is referring to Bill as a dominant male (strength and protectiveness)
