section A review approaches in psychology

Question 1

what are the divivsions of the nervous system

Answer 1

the central nervous system consists of the Brian and spinal cord

the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements

Question 2

Excitation

Answer 2

Excretory: neurotransmitter that increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron. This increases the likelihood that the neutron will fire and pass on the electrical impulse.

Question 3

Inhibitory

Answer 3

Inhibitory: neurotransmitter that increase the negative charge of the postsynaptic neuron. This decreases the likelihood that the neuron will fire and pass on elet=ctrical impulse example: serotonin

Question 4

bio psychology

Answer 4

motor neurones

sensory neurones

relay neurones

Question 5

limitations of the congtive approach

Answer 5

controlled conditions which has high internal validity so it has low ecological validity
the focus on individual mental process such as attention leaves little room for how these mental events work together
over reliance on computer models

Question 6

outline the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Answer 6

classical conditioning is leaning by association between two stimuli in time, whereas operant conditioning is learning by association between response and consequence

Question 7

explain one assumption of the cognitive approach

Answer 7

psychology should b e the study of internal metal process for example memory

Question 8

explain one way in which using open questions in addition to closed questions might improve the questionnaire?

Answer 8

open questions might give reacercher detailed insight into reasons for behaviour

closed questions advantage?

Question 9

The endocrine system

Answer 9

A major information system in the body. Glands reckless hormones directly into the blood stream to a target organ

Question 10

Autonomic nervous system:

Answer 10

Governs functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion

Question 11

Somatic nervous system:

Answer 11

Control muscle movement and receive information from sensory receptors

Question 12

PNS

Answer 12

sends information to the CNS from the outside world and transmits messages from the CNS to muscles/glands in the body

Question 13

what is a matched pairs design

Answer 13

matched up key variables

each person from a pair goes into a different condition

Question 14

why use a matched pairs design instead indepndent study

Answer 14

this will reduce possible effects of participants variables

Question 15

why use qualitative data

Answer 15

it allows the clients to express fully their reasons for their therapy ratings so the researchers can be more sure their conclusions about the therapies are both valid and reliable

Question 16

cognitive pscholocity might explain depression

Answer 16

cognitive triad - person will have negative thoughts about self world future for examine I’m usefu

Question 17

outline and evaluate at least one cognitive approach too explain depression

Answer 17

abc model

the negative triad

Question 18

explain the function of the endocrine system

Answer 18

• to regulate cell or organ activity within the body and control vital physiological processes in the body

• to release hormones/chemical messengers from glands into the bloodstream which then bind with
specific receptors in order to regulate the activity of cells or organs in the body

• examples of specific hormones to illustrate effects such as adrenaline and fight or flight response

• reference to how imbalance in hormones might lead to dysfunction for example, high levels of cortisol
causing Cushing’s disease.

Question 19

identify two glands and their functions

Answer 19

• thyroid gland: secretes thyroxine/increases metabolic rates and affects growth
• adrenal glands: secretes adrenaline/controls the sympathetic division in the fight or flight response

• pituitary gland: causes other glands to secrete their hormones or directly produces effects (eg,
causing the breasts to lactate).

Question 20

qalitave data disadvangtage

Answer 20

qualitative data may not be easy to categorise/collate into a sensible number of answer types

Question 21

random bias allocation advantage

Answer 21

increased validity as the researcher will not be biased in how students are allocated

Question 22

Explain why it was important to match the students on their high level of interest in business studies.

Answer 22

level of interest could affect their satisfaction scores so needs to be controlled; matching students’ levels of interest in business studies keeps this participant variable constant.