section A review approaches in psychology Flashcards
what are the divivsions of the nervous system
the central nervous system consists of the Brian and spinal cord
the somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements
Excitation
Excretory: neurotransmitter that increases the positive charge of the postsynaptic neuron. This increases the likelihood that the neutron will fire and pass on the electrical impulse.
Inhibitory
Inhibitory: neurotransmitter that increase the negative charge of the postsynaptic neuron. This decreases the likelihood that the neuron will fire and pass on elet=ctrical impulse example: serotonin
bio psychology
motor neurones
sensory neurones
relay neurones
limitations of the congtive approach
controlled conditions which has high internal validity so it has low ecological validity
the focus on individual mental process such as attention leaves little room for how these mental events work together
over reliance on computer models
outline the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning
classical conditioning is leaning by association between two stimuli in time, whereas operant conditioning is learning by association between response and consequence
explain one assumption of the cognitive approach
psychology should b e the study of internal metal process for example memory
explain one way in which using open questions in addition to closed questions might improve the questionnaire?
open questions might give reacercher detailed insight into reasons for behaviour
closed questions advantage?
The endocrine system
A major information system in the body. Glands reckless hormones directly into the blood stream to a target organ
Autonomic nervous system:
Governs functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion
Somatic nervous system:
Control muscle movement and receive information from sensory receptors
PNS
sends information to the CNS from the outside world and transmits messages from the CNS to muscles/glands in the body
what is a matched pairs design
matched up key variables
each person from a pair goes into a different condition
why use a matched pairs design instead indepndent study
this will reduce possible effects of participants variables
why use qualitative data
it allows the clients to express fully their reasons for their therapy ratings so the researchers can be more sure their conclusions about the therapies are both valid and reliable
cognitive pscholocity might explain depression
cognitive triad - person will have negative thoughts about self world future for examine I’m usefu
outline and evaluate at least one cognitive approach too explain depression
abc model
the negative triad
explain the function of the endocrine system
• to regulate cell or organ activity within the body and control vital physiological processes in the body
• to release hormones/chemical messengers from glands into the bloodstream which then bind with
specific receptors in order to regulate the activity of cells or organs in the body
• examples of specific hormones to illustrate effects such as adrenaline and fight or flight response
• reference to how imbalance in hormones might lead to dysfunction for example, high levels of cortisol
causing Cushing’s disease.
identify two glands and their functions
- thyroid gland: secretes thyroxine/increases metabolic rates and affects growth
- adrenal glands: secretes adrenaline/controls the sympathetic division in the fight or flight response
• pituitary gland: causes other glands to secrete their hormones or directly produces effects (eg,
causing the breasts to lactate).
qalitave data disadvangtage
qualitative data may not be easy to categorise/collate into a sensible number of answer types
random bias allocation advantage
increased validity as the researcher will not be biased in how students are allocated
Explain why it was important to match the students on their high level of interest in business studies.
level of interest could affect their satisfaction scores so needs to be controlled; matching students’ levels of interest in business studies keeps this participant variable constant.
