History Unit 1 Section 1 Flashcards
How did hunters and gatherers survive
By fishing, gathering nuts and berries, hunting deer/antelope
What was the living style of the first American people
Hunters and gatherers who traveled from Siberia
Who were the famous famous first American people
Mayas and Aztecs
How were the Native American tribes different
- living structures (mud-thatched rooves, clay, tepees)
- methods of acquiring food (buffalo, deer, fishing)
- languages, religions
- dress
- customs
What were the politics?
No central governing body, only local chiefs
What was the religion
Beliefs in spirits in many things (crops, hunt)
How did they feel about the land
No private property, belonged to everyone
Differences between roles in men and women
Men hunt/wage war, women care for children and prepare meals
Christopher Columbus
Italian Explorer, mapmaker working for Spain who heard stories about mysterious lands from sailors and fisherman
What were Christopher Columbus’ goals
Reach Asia
Trade and convert people to Christianity
What was Christopher Columbus’ route
Sails for 33 days aboard 3 ships
Discovers West Indies (Bahamas)
Claims these lands for Spain, creates the colony Hispaniola.
What happens to the colonist left behind by Columbus and Hispaniola
They are killed by NA
How does Columbus respond to the murders
Uses military force (horses, gunpowder and steel)
What happens as a result of Columbus’ military power
He is recalled, Spanish continue colonies
Conquistadors
Soldiers exploring central Mexico, Spanish learn of great city there
What happens with Cortes and his men (and enemy natives)
Led to Tenochitlan by Cortes, Montezuma is murdered, city reduced to rubble..took by brute force
What motivated the attack of Cortes
Religion, believed that the gold and riches of SA were wasted on the nonchristian natives.
What diseases were brought over by the Spanish
Smallpox, typhus, bubonic plague, cholera
Why did the diseases kill so many natives
They had no immunity
What do the Spanish do as a result of the disease devastation
Turn to African slaves for work
Colombian exchange
The exchange of plants and microorganisms across oceans
What do Indians now do as a result of Columbian exchange
Use new resources (horses on plains for hunting)
How do populations change
European population grows
NA population dies
Slave population moves to Americas
What was the land bridge early people used and where did it stretch
The Bering land bridge. Connected Alaska–>Russia
What happened as ice melted?
People began to move across NA, tribes began to develop an spread
What was a bug transition for natives when Columbus arrived?
No national gov
What was a firm belief NA generally held
Communal land, everyone had access to natural resources.
How many trips did Columbus make and what did he bring each time?
3, brings conquistadors each time, discovered and claimed land for Spain
What motive did Columbus have
Economic
What did Columbus sail across and what did he think he could do
Across the Atlantic “island hop”
Where was John Cabot from
Canada
What did Columbus open the door from?
Other explorers!!!
What nationality were conquistadors
Spanish
What did the conquistadors begin?
Violence between natives and settlers
Where did de Soto travel
The American south
What is something new that came with the Colombian exchange
Horses
Why did the slave population move to the americas
Needed a new labor force
