AP Bio Chapter 12 Part 4 Flashcards
What does the G2 checkpoint decide
If the cell is ready for division
What does G1 checkpoint decide
If the cell can start division process or go to G0 (senescence)
M checkpoint decides
If it happens correctly. If so, cytokinesis
What determines the cell checkpoints
Chemicals in the cytoplasm of cells, that determine stage of division
MPK
Mitosis promoting factor
CDK
Cycling dependent kinase
Present in a constant amount.
Requires cyclin for reaction
Cyclin
The cdk on switch
Made in an increasing amount as the cell moves through interphase
Isn’t in the cell at all times
What MPF made of and what does it do
Cyclin and cdk
Turns on other proteins needed for mitosis (ex., microtubule formation)
External controls
Proteins and other environment signals generated by other cells
PDGF
Platelet derived growth factor
What are some types of inhibitions ?** find definitions later
Density dependent inhibition
Anchorage dependence
Positional inhibition
How must normal animal cells use “inhibitors”
Anchored and not too crowded (density dependent)
Are cancerous cells following the inhibition rules of anchorage and density dependence etc
Nah
Cancer
Uncontrolled cell division
What’s the most deadly cancer in women
Cervical
What happens to your DNA involving mutations every second of the day
DNA is beset by entropic forces
You have a whole series of genes that
Makes sure mutated cells don’t divide
What happens when genes get mutated
Benign or malignant
Benign
Not cancerous. Stays in a lump. Could become malignant
Malignant
Cancerous, long “fingers” extending into surrounding areas. If not treated, it can metastasize (go to other parts of body)
