AP Bio Chapter 21 Part 2 Flashcards
How does evolution occur ?
- Overproduction of offspring (Malthus) more babies than can survive
- Variation of individuals (based off observation)
- Competition for limited resources (inferred)
- Successful competitors survive, reproduce, and pass on their traits (observation)
- Repeat 1-4 every generation over millions of years (Lyell) and life will adapt to the environment
What is fitness in evolution
Ability to survive and reproduce
What’s another term for competition of resources
The struggle for existence
Other than natural selection, what did Darwin provide many examples of
Artificial selection
What is artificial selection
Just like natural selection, but “fitness” is determined by human needs/wants
Big changes can happen very fast
What were the finches the result of
Natural selection
What drove the evolution of finches
The selective pressure of the Galapagos environment
How were finches able to evolve w beaks
Any birds surviving passed on their beak traits to their offspring, repeated for millions of years
Life will always _____________ if it can
Adapt
What does the spraying of pesticides kill
The pests that aren’t resistant
What happens as a result of the death of nonresistant insects
Resistant survivors reproduce, resistance increases, leads to more spraying and more resistance
What do mechanisms similar to pesticide resistance also drive
antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Antiviral resistance in viruses
In the modern age, what has the focus been on for natural selection
Quantifying the effects of natural selection on the characteristics of a population
Natural selection is ____________
Universal
What did neodarwinism discuss
Talked about evolution in genetic terms
Darwin was not the last
Evolutionary biologist
What, among other things, was left unexplained after origin
The role of genetics
Neodarwinsim
Refers to the modern theory of evolutions (aka the modern synthesis) explaining evolution in genetic terms
Evolution
Change in genetic characteristics of a population over time
What happened to the beak depth of medium ground finch on Daphne major following a drought
Beak was deeper
What were the differences in a mammi Chog fish (a cline)
Differences in frequencies of metabolic genes as a function of latitude
What is relative frequency basically
Allele frequency
What is the gene pool
Collection for all alleles for all genes in a population
What did neodarwinism show
When relative frequencies change, that’s evolution
