AP Bio Chapter 15 Part 1 Flashcards
How does incomplete dominance alter ratios
Every genotype has its own phenotype equal to each other
Incomplete dominance
When the heterozygous condition expresses a third phenotype(heterozygous) different from either homozygous or heterozygous stated as red in incompletely dominant over white
What’s it called when there’s more than 2 alleles coding for a trait
Multiple alleles
Codominance
When the heterozygous condition expresses both if the homozygous conditions simultaneously
Alleles for blood type
IA IB i
What are the carbohydrates on alleles
A (triangle) B (circle) i has none
Type AB is an example of ________________
Codominance
Polygenic inheritance
A type of inheritance pattern. When more than one gene contributes to the expression of a particular trait
What will happen if blood type is transfused to the wrong person
Kill them
Many traits are controlled by more than two alleles or ____ ________
One locus
Interactions at 3 different loci leads to a
Wider variation for the trait (distributed as a bell curve)
When phenotype are in a range (min max every in between) what is it and how is this different from Mendel
Polygenic inheritance
More than 1 gene contributing to a trait
Epistasis
When 2 or more genes control the expression of a single trait
How is epistasis expresses in labs
2nd gene on or off switch for the first gene
The E/e allele controls whether pigment will be produced or not
If at least one E allele is present, the B/b locus determines the color of the pigment produced
What’s a golden lab
_ _ ee
What’s a chocolate lab
bbE_
What’s a black lab
B_E_
Pleiotropy
When 1 gene has multiple effects on the physiology of an organism
(Sickle cell anemia)
During pleiotropy, one locus has
Wider ranging effects of the active physiology of the organism
What are the variable effects
Penetrance
Expressivity
Penetrance
The likelihood of a genotype expressing a phenotype in an organism or population
Expressivity
The extent to which a trait is expressed in an organism
Why is Down’s syndrome special
Genetic condition with total penetrance but highly variable expressivity
When was linkage first studied
Early 1900s by Thomas hunt morgen a biologist at Columbia
What did Morgan’s lab lay the foundation for
Physically locating genes on chromosomes
What’s the scientific name for a fruit fly
Drosophila Melanogaster
Sex linkage refers to
Genes on sex chromosomes
How do males show sex linked trait
At a higher frequency than females
Where were sex linked traits first discovered
Fruit flies
Where are sex traits usually located
X chromosomes
Because why has no homologous chromosome, what’s it called
Hemizygous
