AP Bio Chapter 51 Part 1

Question 0

Behavior

Answer 0

Anything an organism does, and how it does it

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

The study of organism interactions with each other and the environment
Ecological processes occur at multiple levels of organisms on earth

Question 2

Organism (behavior)

Answer 2

An organism level phenomenon

Question 3

What are the levels of organisms on earth

Answer 3

Organism
Population
Community 
Ecosystem 
Biome 
Biosphere

Question 4

Ethology

Answer 4

The study of behavior

Question 5

What are the two type of behavioral “explanations”

Answer 5

Proximate and ultimate explanations

Question 6

Proximate

Answer 6

Relates to how a behavior occurs

Question 7

Ultimate

Answer 7

Relates to why a behavior occurs

Question 8

What does behavior require

Answer 8

Communication

Particularly among animals (who tend to have the most interesting behavior)

Question 9

What does communication always involve

Answer 9

A signal transmitted and received

Question 10

Chemical signals

Answer 10

Substances in the environment, or pheromones produced by other organisms that can serve as chemical signals
Ex. Minnows in a tank respond to an alarm substance
Chemical signals can contribute to very complex behaviors

Question 11

Symbolic Signals

Answer 11

Multiple lineages of animals have evolved symbolic methods of communication, where information is encoded in abstracted symbols (calls, gestures)
Ex. Honeybees “waggle dance” to show nectar
Increased in complexity and diversity over evolutionary time

Question 12

What are the 2 kinds of behavior

Answer 12

Innate, learned

Question 13

Innate behavior

Answer 13

Entirely under genetic control

Question 14

What are the two of innate behaviors

Answer 14

Complex and simple

Question 15

Fixed action patterns

Answer 15

Simple
Highly stereotypical behaviors that are triggered by a “sight stimulus” and that are completed once initiated
Ex. When male stickleback sees red underbelly, it attacks (an aggressive response is created)

Question 16

Complex innate behavior

Answer 16

While there is a limit on the amount of behavioral complexity that can be genetically programmed, there are many examples of innate behavior
Ex. Mating behaviors in drosophila involve several distinct and complex behaviors

Question 17

How many types of learning are there

Answer 17

5

Question 18

Imprinting

Answer 18

Young animals go through a “critical period” where after they follow organisms present during the period. Common in birds

Question 19

Spatial

Answer 19

The establishment of memories that reflect the physical structure of the environment
Association of physical, natural markers