AP Bio Chapter 22 Part 5 Flashcards
Life uses a _________ genetic code
Universal
What is the molecular record
Comparing DNA (mapping) and common protein structures
What can we tell as a result that all organisms use DNA as their genetic material
We all evolved from the same organism
The code used by all ribosomes is _____________. A bacterium can make a human protein if given the proper recipe
Universal
Building family trees:
Closely related species (branches) share same line of descent until their divergence from a common ancestor. As this happens, genetic differences accumulate
Fewer differences in protein/DNA sequences =
More recently diverged
Genome sequencing
What can whole sequence data tell us about the evolution of humans? Primate common ancestry?
Artificial selection
Artificial selection (selective breeding) can use variations in populations to create vastly different breeds and varieties Has been used by humans for livestock and crop production since before recorded history
Biogeography
how living things are spread over the earth
The original evidence that informed Darwin and Wallace
Organisms found in a particular area tend to be more closely related to each other than they are to organisms found in other areas
What are examples of observed evolution
Insecticide and drug resistance
How does insecticide work
It doesn’t kill all individuals
Resistant survivors reproduce
Resistance is inherited
Insecticide becomes less and less effective
Peppered moths
Industrial Melanism
Dark v. Light variants
What was the selection factor? Industrial revolution
Early 1800s, preindustrial England
Low pollution
Lichen growing on trees, light colored bark
Late 1800s, industrial england
Factories result in soot covered trees
Killed lichens, dark colored bark
Mid 1900s
Pollution controls
Clean air laws
Return of lichen light colored bark
What is evolution NOT (the complexity fallaway)
Not goal oriented
An evolutionary trend does not mean that evolution is goal oriented
What do surviving species not represent
The beak of perfection
What is evolution only on
What is present. There is a lot of “Jerry rigging “ and Compromise in evolved physiology
Intelligent design
The belief that life is too complex to have evolved without the intervention of “intelligent” design
