AP Bio Chapter 6.2 Part 1 Flashcards
What are things that require matter movement
Taking in nutrients Breaking molecules down Building molecules Making ATP removing waste Reproduction Regulation All life processes
What is energy and where is it stored and what is its meaning
The ability to do work
In chemical bonds
The ability to move matter around
Energy (and matter) is _________________ not ________
Processed not made
Where do cells get their energy from
Food
The sun
Cells convert energy using which organelles
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the energy process of mitochondria and what is converted
Respiration From food (glucose) to ATP
What is the energy process of chloroplasts and what is converted
Photosynthesis
Sunlight to carbohydrates
What does ATP contain that makes it efficient as quick energy usage
Easily broken bonds
What is the structure of lysosomes
A sac full of digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes
What is the function of lysosomes
Digestion of large molecules
Digestion of damaged cell parts
Apoptosis (programmed cell death)
What are lysosomal diseases
Often fatal
Digestive enzyme don’t work
What are lysosomal storage diseases
Lysosomes picks up biomolecules but can’t digest them
Lysosomes fill up grow larger and larger until it disrupts cell and organ function
More than 40 known diseases
What is Tay-Sachs disease and what is it caused by
A recessive genetic disease
Undigested fat builds up in brain cells
Results in mental retardation and death by 4
What do peroxisomes do
Breakdown fatty acids to sugars
Detoxify cell
Detoxifies alcohol and other poisons
Produces peroxide (H2O2)
Structure of vacuoles
A membrane sac full of storage materials
What are the functions of food vacuoles
Contain undigested food. Fuse w lysosomes
Function of contractile molecules
In freshwater protists, pump excess H2O out of cell
Where are central vacuoles and what do they do
In many nature plant cells Provide : Storage Stockpiling proteins, inorganic ions Depositing metabolic by products Storing pigments , defensive compounds
What is the structure of the mitochondria
Outer membrane
Highly folded inner membrane
Cristae
Matrix
Cristian
Folds of inner membrane
Matrix
Fluid filled inner cavity
Contains DNA, free ribosomes and enzymes
Function of mitochondria
Aerobic cellular respiration
Digestion (catabolism) of macromolecules to produce ATP, CO2 and H2O
Almost all eukaryotic cells have _________________
Mitochondria
The more active the cell, the more
Mitochondria
Mitochondria reproduce _______________ of the cell
Independently
