AP Bio Chapter 23 Part 6

Question 0

How do populations evolved via individuals

Answer 0

Individuals are selected

Differential survival reproductive traits

Question 1

What is the hardy Weinberg equation in variables

Answer 1

p+q=1

p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Question 2

How do populations evolve themselves?

Answer 2

The genetic makeup of a population changes over time
Fitness increases: favorable traits (greater fitness) become more
Biggest variation—->sexual recombination

Question 3

Variation

Answer 3

The raw material for natural selection

Have to be differences, some more fit

Question 4

Where does variation come from

Answer 4

Mutations-random DNA changes

Sexual recombination- mixing of genes, new arrangements in every offspring who inherit traits from their parents

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

Factor determines trait (it’s a section of a gene) ex. Eye color

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

A variant for a gene. Asexually reproducing have 2 alleles for a trait

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

Any allele that will show a trait regardless of another allele

Question 8

Recessive

Answer 8

An allele that will only show if both alleles are recessive

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Any individual must have 2 copies of the same gene

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Any individual that has 1 dominant/recessive allele always showing dominant

Question 11

Population

Answer 11

Localized group of interbreeding individuals

Question 12

Gene pool

Answer 12

The collection of alleles in a population

Question 13

Evolution

Answer 13

Change in the allele frequencies of a population

Question 14

What are the 5 sources of evolution

Answer 14

Mutation 
Gene flow 
non random mating 
Genetic drift
Natural selection

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

Mutation creates variation
New mutations are always appearing
Mutations changes DNA sequence, changes amino acid sequence, changes protein structure and function, changes traits, changes fitness (maybe)

Question 16

Gene flow

Answer 16

Movement of individuals and alleles in and out of populations

Question 17

Examples of gene flow

Answer 17

Seed and pollen distribution by wind and insects

Migration of animals

Question 18

What does gene flow reduce

Answer 18

Differences between population

Question 19

What is gene flow doing well as a result of what

Answer 19

Gene flow in human populations is increasing today thanks to modern travel technology

Question 20

Non random mating

Answer 20

Sexual selection

Question 21

Genetic drift

Answer 21

Effect of chance events founder effect, bottleneck

Loss of alleles from a gene pool, reduces variation, reduces adaptability

Question 22

Natural selection

Answer 22

Differential survival and reproduction due to changing environmental conditions
Combinations of alleles that provide “fitness” increase in a population
Adaptive evolutionary change

Question 23

What is the null hypothesis in the hardy Weinberg equation

Answer 23

No change evolution

Question 24

What does hardy Weinberg equation serve as

Answer 24

Preserves alleles frequencies
Serves as a model for comparison (null hypothesis)
Not in naturally occurring populations

Question 25

What is the frequency of dominant alleles (B)

Answer 25

P

Question 26

What is the frequency of recessive alleles (b)

Answer 26

q

Question 27

What is the frequency of homozygous dominant alleles

Answer 27

P^2

Question 28

Frequency of homozygous recessive

Answer 28

q^2

Question 29

Frequency of heterozygous

Answer 29

2pq