AP Bio Systems-Chapter Part 5 Flashcards
What’s crucial for immune response
Lymphatic system and leukocyte in circulatory system
What do vertebrates also possess
An adaptive immune system to respond to specific pathogens
Innate
Works the same every time because it’s natural, but isnt good enough on its own
Humors
Antibodies dissolved in a liquid or blood
What d phagocytes do
Stick things together
1 B cell makes
1 antibody
What is the split antibodies can do
Some stay as memory B cells, others turn into plasma B cells which lump out antibodies
What are the 2 functions of T cells
Helper, and to activate B cells, or activate cytotoxic B cell, which go to another cell bind, and cause apoptosis killing it
Innate immunity is also known as
Nonspecific
External immune system
Included barriers like skin and mucous membranes and secretions like mucus and sweat
Skin
Presents a water proof barrier to infection
Sweat glands make the surface of the skin inhospitable to many micro organisms
There is a population of _______________ that live on the skin and occupy space that
Hundreds of commensal species of microorganisms
Occupy space that pathogens might otherwise occupy
Mucus
Lines all mucus membrane in the body, which are not as imperturbable as skin
Contains lysozyme, which disrupts bacterial cell walls
Cilated epithelium
The epithelial lining if the respiratory track is highly ciliated
Together with mucus, serves as a trap for many pathogens which are pushed out of the respiratory tract and into the digestive system
Internal innate immunity is the responsibility of ________ which are
Pathogens
Populations of white blood cells that patrol the circulatory and lymphatic system
Leukocytes that develop from myeloid stem cell precursors (they mature in the bone marrow)
What do phagocytes do
Phagocytize any material they don’t recognize
Following phagocytosis, pieces of pathogens are presented to he specific immune system for possible specific response
The inflammatory response
Occurs whenever the skin is ruptured or the body is otherwise infected
Cells at the site of infection will receive signaling molecules that recruit populations of phagocytic cells to the area
These signaling molecules will also increase blood flow to the area , which manifests as swelling and redness
What are the 2 cells in adaptive immunity
T cells and B cells
T cells
Mature in thymus gland
Responsible for cell mediated response
Be cell mediated response
Results in the production of antibodies, specific to particular antigens
Mature in bone marrow
Responsible for antibody response
Phagocytes will present antigens to ___________
Helper T cells
What do helper t cells do with the B cells
Activate specific B cells into 2 different populations
Plasma cells and memory cells
Plasma cells
Make and secrete antibodies into the circulatory system
Memory cells
Remain viable and circulating in the lymphatic system in case of future infection by the same pathogen
Both the humoral and cell mediated immune response rely on
The action of helper T cells to begin the process
