APUSH Chapter 21 Flashcards
Political machines
Organized group that controlled a political party in a city
Provided political favors in exchange for support
Promise of jobs and other help was appealing to immigrants
What did political machines lead to
Corruption (voter fraud, graft, kickbacks)
Tammany Hall
NYC
Boss Tweed
The Spoils System
Reformers (mugwumps, halfbreeds) wanted Merit system for govt jobs End of patronage Australian ballot "Stalwarts" wanted soils system to continue
What happened in 1880
James Garfield (R) is elected lesident
Describe Garfield presidency
Reformer VP is Chester a Arthur 1881 Garfield assassinated by Charles Guiteau The stalwart of stalwarts Chester A Arthur becomes president
Pendleton Civil Service Act
1883 Creates civil service exam Politicians now see a void in funding Where do they turn ? Big business!
Grover Cleveland
President (1884-88, 1892-96)
Return to honesty
Economic issue
Role of tariffs
Higher = protect us industries (REP)
expensive consumer goods (DEM)
Monetary policy
-gold standard
Coinage Act of 1873Farmers Issues
Low crop prices
Farmers mortgage land to buy new materials
Debt rises
Enemies of farmers
Mother Nature (drought) The banks (high interest on debts) The railroads (high places to ship their products)
Farmers Unite
The grange
Farmers alliances
Strength in numbers
Voting bloc
The populist party 1892
The Omaha platform
Goals : cheap money –bimetallism
What happened in election 1896
Populists endorse Bryan as democratic nominee Similar goals Urban workers don't join William McKinley R wins Bryan runs 1900 19008 Delivers cross of gold speech
Legacy of populism
Common people can wield political power
Many reforms enacted by Democratic Party in the 20th century
The Omaha platform
Abolition of national banks Graduated income tax Direct election of senators Civil service reform 8 hr workaday Govt control of all railroads telegraphs and telephones
