AP Bio Chapter 17 Part 4 Flashcards
What’s when something has polyribosoems
Many ribosomes on mRNA. This occurs in prokaryotes, producing many proteins
While mRNA forms, what binds to it
Ribosomes
Operon
Clustered genes
Alternative splicing does what
Produces more than one protein from a gene
What is the RNA transcript made from before splicing
RNA polymerase
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm
What does translation turn RNA into
A polypeptide
Not all RNA –> protein, but
Most do
Codon
Every 3 bases (based on mRNA)
About how many natural amino acids are there
20
Why are there 3 bases in a codon
You need at least 3 to code for enough amino acids to reach the 20. 2 would only code for 16. You have more than necessary
What ISNT the genetic code
A chemical reaction
What do all living things basically have in common
Their genetic codes
Indicates there is a common ancestor
What is the ribosome
The site of protein synthesis
The only non membrane bound organelle
What do all cells have and what are they composed of
Ribosomes
2 subunits with 3 sites
What are the three sites of a ribosome
A site
P site
E site
A site
“Aminoacyl”
Where amino acids enter the ribosome
P site
Peptidyl
Where the growing polypeptide is kept
E site
Exit
Where empty tRNA molecules leave
What can DNA affect changes in
Protein structure
What are the 2 DNA level mutations
Point mutations
Frameshift mutations
Point mutations
One DNA base is replaced by another DNA base
Frameshift mutations
DNA bases are inserted or deleted
What is an example of a point mutation
Sickle cell anemia
What are point mutations and frameshift mutations examples of
Gene mutations
Not chunks of chromosomes
