AP Bio Chapter 21 Part 3

Question 0

What is natural selection

Answer 0

Traits that can improve survival or reproduction accumulation in the population

Question 1

What is natural selection NOT

Answer 1

The only way a population can evolve

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

Any inheritable trait that increases fitness

Question 3

Predation selection

Answer 3

Acts on both predator/prey

Ex. Camouflage, mimicry, speed, defenses

Question 4

Physiological selection

Answer 4

Acts on body functions/structures
Ex. Disease resistance, physiological efficiency (using oxygen, food, etc) biochemical versatility, protection from injury, morphology (anatomy)

Question 5

Coevolution

Answer 5

2 or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution 
Ex. Predator prey (if your prey goes faster, so do you
Competition symbiosis (flower and pollinator)

Question 6

Genetic drift

Answer 6

Change in the frequency of traits in a population due to random (chance) events. Random change, not selective or adaptive

Question 7

Founder effect

Answer 7

A new population is started by a small group of individuals, some rare traits may be at a high frequency (or “fixed” at 100%) others may be missing (or “lost”)
Common in island populations, both physical and reproductive

Question 8

Bottleneck effect

Answer 8

When a large population is drastically reduced by a non-selective disaster
Famine, natural disaster (right place at the right time) loss of habitat

Question 9

What can narrow the gene pool

Answer 9

Loss of variation by chance event

Question 10

Can behavior be inherited?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

How many bottlenecks have cheetahs been through

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Gene flow

Answer 12

The change in frequency of traits in a population due to immigration/emmigration
Equalizing change
Hard to predict the effects

Question 13

Sexual selection

Answer 13

Change in the frequency of traits in a population due gender preferences
Selective change, may seem maladaptive
Acts in all sexually reproducing populations

Question 14

How does sexual selection occur

Answer 14

Sometimes it’s random, but sometimes mates are looking for certain good characteristics

Question 15

What do sexually selected traits serve as

Answer 15

Fitness markers for mating

Question 16

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 16

Differences between genders, indicative of the effects of sexual selection

Question 17

Evolution is not in a ____________ but a

Answer 17

Individual

It’s a population level phenomenon

Question 18

What does evolution emerge from

Answer 18

The selection of individuals by the environment

Question 19

What are the 3 modes of selection

Answer 19

Disruptive
Stabilizing
Directional

Question 20

Disruptive

Answer 20

Against the mean, towards both extremes

Question 21

Stabilizing

Answer 21

Towards the mean, against extremes

Question 22

Directional

Answer 22

Toward one extreme

Question 23

Traits must be __________

Answer 23

Inherited

Some caused by chemicals in their environment

Question 24

Traits can be

Answer 24

Physiological or behavioral

Question 25

What’s all that matters

Answer 25

Reproductive success