AP Bio Chapter 8-9 Part 1 Flashcards
This relationship explains the equations of
Photosynthesis and respiration
There is a ________________ relationship between chemoheterotrophic nutrition and photoautotrophic nutrition. What does this pertain to. What does it mean
Reciprocal. Mitochondria and chloroplast process. The inputs of one are the outputs of the other
What is the equation of photosynthesis and what does it do with energy
C6H12O6+6O2—->6CO2+6H2O
Releases energy
What is the equation of photosynthesis and what does it do in relation to energy
6CO2+6H2O—>C6H12O6+6O2
Absorbs energy
Metabolic reactions are __________ controlled in what type of reactions
Tightly. Multi step metabolic pathways
What would happen to a cell if all its processed energy was released at the same time, and what happens as a result
It would explode. It’s released in increments
What do the tight pathways do so no tissues are destroyed
Pull out a little energy at a time
Redox
Chemical reactions where electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
Which atom is oxidized
The one that loses an electron
What atom gets reduced
Whichever gains an electron
Oxidation and reduction is basically just
The movement of electrons
Oil rig
Oxidation is lost
Reduction is gained
Electron shuttles involve the transfer of
NAD+—>NADH
Instead of the direct transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen, cells
What’s this called
Decouple metabolic oxidation and reduction
Electron shuttle
Compounds that store electrons from food exist in what forms
Exist in oxidized and reduced forms
In cells how are electrons and protons used in metabolism
Electrons and protons are transferred to other areas of cell to continue metabolism
Why did people believe glycolysis to be the first metabolic process
Because it’s performed by all living things
What are the oxidized and reduced forms of the co pounds that carry electrons to electron transport chain
Oxidized: NAD+ and FAD
Reduced: NADH and FADH2
Describe respiration in terms of energy
Catabolic and EXERgonic
If one atom gets oxidized in a Che,iCal reaction, the other must be
Reduce d
When something neutral gets a positive charge what happened and what type of agent is it
Oxidized, reducing agent
If something neutral gets a positive charge what happened to it and what type of agent is it
Reduced, oxidation
All respiration begins with what process where wth what amount of energy
Glycolysis in the cytoplasm has the most energy
What happens when substances (proteins, fats) are used for energy
Theyre put in later in the cycle, therefore creating less ATP and less efficient than glucose
What does anaerobic respiration require (after glycolysis)
Fermentation also in cytoplasm
What does aerobic respiration occur in and what precedes it
Mitochondria. Involves citric acid cycle, followed by oxidative phosphorylation
What is the point of all these processes
To generate ATP
