Biochemistry Chapter 4 Notes-AP Bio part 2 Flashcards
Lipids have no _______________
Polymers
What are lipids used for
Long term energy storage and insulation, and biological membranes
What are the 3 major groups of lipids
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
Fatty acid
A long chain of carbon with a hydroxyl on the end
What are triglycerides made of
Glycerol and 3 fatty acids, connected by dehydration synthesis x3 (ester linkages)
What does saturated vs. unsaturated refer to?
The bonding of carbon in the fatty acids
Saturated
No double bonds between carbons
Unsaturated
At least one double bond
Saturated and unsaturated influences _______________
Shape which influences properties
What are phospholipids a modified version of
Triglycerides. Replace on fatty acid with a phosphate.
What do these modifications of phospholipids result in
Makes the molecule have a polar and a Nonpolar region. CALLED AMPHIPATHIC
Lipids are the major component in
Cell membranes (lipid bilayer)
What happens to the tail in lipids
It dissolves
What are steroids and what is their structure
One class of hormones and cholesterol, and notable structure, fused rings.
In steroids, the presence of different functional groups leads to _____________________
Different functions
What are the most complex biological macromolecules and what are they made of
Proteins, made of CHON and some S
What are proteins used for
To accomplish all of life’s functions
All proteins are polymers of
Amino acid monomers
What are amino acids joined by
Peptide bonds
