APUSH Chapter 30A Part 1 Flashcards
Election of 1952
Republicans claim "time for a change" War dragging on in Korea Nominate Eisenhower, recruited by both parties VP Richard Nixon "I like Ike" Promises to end Korean War
Who do the democrats nominate
Adlai Stevenson (G-ILL)
Nixon avoid disaster with checkers speach
Television becomes tool in politics
IKE wins in a landslide
Dynamic conservatism
Conservative when it comes to money
Reduce spending, deregulate business, lower taxes
“…liberal when it comes to human beings”
Kept or expanded many New Deal programs
National Interstate and Defense Highway Act (1956)
Ike inspired by German autobahn $27 billion, build 42000 miles of highway Mobilization of troops Growths of suburbs, decay of cities Commerce (including jobs) Decline of the railroads
Ike’s “New Look” Foreign policy
John Foster Dulles (Sec of State)
Go away from containment
Use threat of “massive retaliation”
Cut spending on army and navy
Build up strategic air command’s nuclear bomber, use threat of “roll back” to stop Soviet aggression
Plan exposed when Hungarian uprising (1956) is crushed by soviet troops
Iran
CIA installs pro American Shah of Iran
- maintain control of oil
- Iranians remain bitter towards US
Suez Crisis 1956
President Nasser of Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal
British and French organize attack, expect Americans to supply them with oil
Furious Ike refuses, allies remove troops
Displays importance of ME (oil) in world affairs
U-2 Incident 1960
Ike demands “open skies”
Mutual inspection of nuclear capabilities
USSR reject
Francis Gary powers shot down in spy plane deep in heart of Russia
US attempts to cover up, fails
Embarrassment to IKE, U.S.
Relations with USSR deteriorate
Dien Bien Phu falls (1954)
US involvement in Vietnam begins
Cuba falls to communism (1959)
Eisenhower’s Farewell Address (1961)
Warns of “military industrial complex”
Creates “unwarranted influence”
“War has been avoided”
But was it??
The shift to a peacetime economy
No post war depression
Growth of a middle class
60% earn $3000-$10000
Many work in defense industries (Korean war)
Consumerism
Keeping up with the joneses Houses, cars, TVs, swimming pools Luxuries become necessities Planned obsolescence Buying on credit Advertising
Car culture
Everyone has a car
Drive thrus/ins
Chrome and fins
Conformity
“Organization man”
The man in the grey flannel suit
Baseball hot dogs apple pie and Chevrolet
Defined gender roles
Men-breadwinner,
Women-caretaker
Betty Friedman’s “The Feminine Mystique” 1963
Novel rejects defined gender roles for women
Encourages women to refuse suburban gender roles
Use talents/education
Launches another wave in women’s rights movements
Leisure time 1950s
Bowling, golf, fishing, hunting
Spectator sports
Television
The Baby Boom
Record marriages post war leads to child births
50 million babies by end of 1950s
Dr. Benjamin Spock
Book gives advice on child rearing
Effects of the baby boom
Strains on American culture
Short term, economic boom (baby supplies, teenage consumers)
Long term, competition for jobs, second baby boom, social security, Medicare
The housing boom
Growth of suburbs
GI Bill
Baby Boom
Interstate highway system
The Sunbelt
Americans leave old NE industrial cities of the “frost belt” for warmer states
Shifts political power in US for decades
Levittown (Long Island, NY)
William Levitt builds thousands of identical houses
Separate crews for specific jobs
Think assembly
Creates communities almost instantaneously
Promotes “White fight” to the suburbs
Decay of inner cities
The beatniks
Authors Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg
Rejected “norms” of the 50s (conformity, materialism, gender roles)
Promotes use of psychedelic drugs, sexual liberation, etc.
later becomes “hippie” movement
Symbol of counterculture
