AP Bio Chapter 12 Part 1 Flashcards
As cells mature, they _______________ but what remains the same?
Specialize, genetics
Genetics of which cells are the same
All except reproductive cells
Mitosis
Technically just the nucleus itself dividing
In order to survive, the individual must
Replace damaged cells
In order to grow, cell production must what. How is this accomplished
Must be greater than cell death. Accomplished by cell division
In order to survive, the cell species must
Replace individuals
What are the phases of a cell’s life
G0 G1 S G2 M
What happens as soon as cell division is complete
Cell starts G1 phase
What’s G1 phase and what happens once it moves to S
Growth. Makes a decision to divide
What’s S phase
DNA Replication
What’s G2 phase
Preparation for division
Enough chromosomes? If not, apoptosis
Creates more cytoplasm
What are the phases of M
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
What is the G0
Nondividing state. Happens when a cell is in G1 for a long time
Most cells in you are G0
How are these stages controlled
Very tightly
Which phases are all about cell division
S
G2
M
What does uncontrollable division do
Disrupts functions of organisms
Chomosomes
Tightly coiled pieces of DNA that condense prior to division
Chromatids
Identical copies of DNA
Where/what is the centromere
At the center of chromatid pair holds them together
Region where the two are joined
Most eukaryotic cells have ______ copies of every chromosome. How do they form
- They form in attached identical pairs
Chromatid is ___ member of a pair
1
How many chromosomes do most (somatic) cells have
- Half from mom, half from dad
What is different about each chromosome
Labeled, one from mom, one from dad, have specific functions
What’s special about prokaryotic cellular division
They have one circular chromosome, they double this DNA, split it into 2, which is asexual production called binary fission
How many extra chromosomes can prokaryotes handle
Can tolerate extra
Eukaryotes have _______________ chromosomes
Many linear
