AP Bio Systems-Chapter Part 6 Flashcards
What’s faster, innate or adaptive immunity
Innate
What is colonel selection in basic terms
When the right B cell is selected and it copies itself
What are some immune disorders
Allergies
Autoimmune disease
Aids
Cause of immune disorders
non pathogenic foreign molecules
Allergies symptoms
Inflammatory response (often in the respiratory system) due to release of histamine
Allergies treatment
Antihistamines, epinephrine (for anaphylaxis)
Cause autoimmune disease
Immune response to populations of body cells
Autoimmune disease treatment
Immunosuppressant drugs –> sometimes
Autoimmune disease symptoms
Depends on the nature of the disease
What does AIDS wipe out
Helper T cells (adaptive immune system)
AIDS cause
Infection by the HIV virus, which infects helper T cells
AIDS treatment
Antiviral drug therapies, Palliative care for complications
Symptoms AIDS
Decrease in helper T cell populations
Lack of immune response to “opportunistic infections”
What are vaccines known for
A way to expose the immune system to antigens, without exposing the body to a functional pathogen. First discovered by Edward Jenner for smallpox.
How are vaccines avoided
There are many pathogens that get around vaccination by shifting the structure of their antigens (antigenic shift)
Primary response
The initial exposure to a particular antigen, after it memory cells remain in the body for subsequent exposures
Secondary response
Subsequent exposures to the same antigen
Cytotoxic T cells
Finds cells that express a particular antigen and trigger the death of those cells
What do antibodies do
Bind to an antigen, inactivate it, mark for phagocytes
What do restriction enzymes do
Cut up foreign DNA used for making plasmids. A bacterial defense
What does resting potential mean
It has the capability to fire
Central nervous system
Brain/spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Sensory neurons
Reflex arc
Skips brain
Antibodies are
Dissolved proteins in bloodstream
