APUSH Chapter 19 Flashcards
Previously, what did a collision of cultures and pressure from settlers lead to
Proclamation of 1763, relocation in the 1830s
Why did Americans look to expand westward and what happened w NA
Seeking economic opportunity many settlers move west following the civil war bringing them into conflict w established NA
Plains Indians
Reliance on buffalo, migrating culture different ideas of land ownership
US Policies toward NA
Treaties, reservations, assimilation, Pacific RR act, Homestead Act
Ft. Laramie Treaty (1868)
White expansion into Sioux hunting grounds stopped. Sioux agree to reservation life
After Ft Laramie
Military campaigns forcibly relocate NA onto reservations
Sand Creek, Fetterman Massacre, Red River War 1874–> Nez Pearce and Chief Joeseph hope to flee to Canada, leads to little big horn, then battle of wounded knee. News reaches east coast a week later
Destruction of the buffalo
Railroad companies paid hunters (buffalo bill) to hunt buffalo. Buffalo drops a scary amount
Wounded Knee
SD 1890
Army troops open fire -150-300 ppl killed. Final violent episode between the US and natives
Dawes General Allotment Act 1887
Land allotted to individuals (160 acres, must hold for 25 years, future generations)
Boarding schools built by reformers and missionaries
Carlisle Indian Industrial School –> Jim Thorpe
Demand for beef in the large cities
Increase
Cattle trails
Cattle allowed to graze on open land
Cowboys drive herds of cattle from grazing areas to railroad
RR carry cattle to slaughterhouses in midwestern cities (Chicago)
The Cowboys
Romanticized stories of life on range
Many African Americans and Mexicans
Wild West propaganda
Wild West figure
Wild Bill Hickok
Calamity Jane
Importance of railroads
Allowed easy access for settlers
Allowed for products to move into/out of the region
Slaughter of the buffalo
Homesteaders
Homestead Act of 1862
Free land to homesteaders Anyone who didn't rebel 160 acres who lived on the land for 5 years and improved it Lived in soddies Many European immigrants Increases expansion into the plains
New Farm Technology
Increased yield
Increased supply=decreased demand=lower price
Farmers borrowed money to buy new machinery but didn’t pay off loans
Farmers producing more food
Barbed wire
Protected crops from herds of animals
Steel Plow
John Deere
More efficient planting
Steel wind mills
Improved irrigation
Morally land grant act
Gave federal land to the states that they could sell and get money to build agricultural colleges
