AP Bio Chapter 8 Part 1 Flashcards
Entropy
Energy that can’t be used “randoms”
How does energy move in ecosystems
It flows through an ecosystem
What does nature want regarding entropy
Maximum state of entropy
Enthopy
All energy
______________ and _______________ cannot be created or destroyed, however ______________ are allowed (first law of thermodynamics)
Matter energy, transformations
What are some types of entropy
Energy having been used that gets lost in heat, not usable
Gibbs free energy
A measurement of the amount of “useful” energy –not entropy– that a system (like a cell) can use for performing work
At the cellular level, what’s the major biological source of energy from
The rearrangement of atoms to form higher energy compounds to lower energy compounds , this energy can be used to do work
Organisms are (with regards to energy usage)
Energy processing systems
Where does energy come from broadly and what is it used for
From the sun or chemical bonds, used to undertake cellular/organismal work
Work
Anything that requires atoms to be moved around through cellular actions (everything you do basically)
What do u need energy for
Work
Kinetic energy
Energy of movement
Potential energy
Energy of position
What is the relationship between kinetic and potential energy
More PE—> less KE
More KE—> less PE
Do KE and PE have the same purposes?
Both KE and PE are useful to organisms for different purposes, both contribute to phenomena at all levels of organization
Exergonic reactions
Will go once started until used up (spontaneous)
How do EXERgonic reactions convert energy
Release energy, energy is converted from higher energy arrangements to lower energy arrangements
When do exergonic reactions occur
Spontaneously, and when initiated
What is the change in free energy in EXERgonic reactions
Negative, (delta G) because energy is given off
The free energy given =
Useful energy
Endergonic reactions
Require energy input to occur (matter is converted from lower energy arrangement to higher energy arrangements)
How do ENDERgonic reactions occur
Not spontaneously. Once the energy stops being added, the reaction stops.
What is the change in free energy in ENDERgonic reactions
Positive (delta G) energy is gained
Second Law: any closed system will tend toward a state of
Maximum entropy
The second law is true for
Universe as a whole
Portions of universe can still function as ___________ systems
Open
What can be used to decrease an open system’s entropy
Energy, and the matter that accompanies it
What are EXERgonic reactions based on for the change
it is based on charge NOT SPEED. (Can be slow)
How is entropy spread in nature
Evenly
