Biochemistry Chapter 4 Notes-AP Bio part 4 Flashcards
What do nucleic acids do
Code for order of amino acids and proteins
What must happen before proteins can be absorbed into bloodstream or used as energy
Broken down to amino acids
What is the monomer of Nucleic acids
Nucleotide
What is the structure of Nucleic acids
A sugar covalently bonded to a base, covalently bonded to a phosphate group
What types of strands does DNA have
Antiparallel
What is the structure of RNA called excluding the bases
The sugar phosphate backbone
How are the DNA strands held together
Hydrogen bonding
What are the four nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases of RNA
Adenosine
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
What are Nucleic acids made of
CHON and P
What are the 2 types of Nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
All Nucleic acids are polymers of
Nucleotides
What do nucleotides consist of
A phosphate, a pentode, and a nitrogenous base
What is a pentose
A sugar
How many strands does DNA and RNA have
DNA-2 (double helix)
RNA-1
What are pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine and uracil
They contain 1 ring
What are purines
Adenosine, guanines
2 rings
How many bonds do CYTOSINE and GUANINE have
3 hydrogen bonds
How many bonds do ADENOSINE and THYMINE/URACIL have
2 hydrogen bonds
What does DNA do
Stores information about the primary structure of proteins, and the sequences of RNA molecules
It is HERITABLE
What is generally the structure of DNA
2 chains of covalently bonded nucleotides, from sugar to phosphate
What was the most important discovery of the 20th century
The discovery of DNA structure
Who published the paper of DNA structure
Watson and Crik
What did Wilkins and Franklin do
The x Ray diffraction work
What was the controversy over the discovery
The ethics of Watson and Crik
Who won the Nobel prize in 1962
Wilkins, Watson and Crik
What does RNA do
Transmits and translates DNA information into a protein
Has many enzymatic and regulatory functions
How many kinds of DNA and RNA are there
1 kind of DNA, ~15 types of known RNA, 3 main
How is the RNA structure different than DNA
Less stable
One strand, but base pairing can still occur
Central Dogma
DNA<=====>RNA——>Protein
How does alpha helix form spiral and beta sheets firm zig zags
The carboxyls are hydrogen bonded to amino acids (twisted chains)
