III - A. Virology | 4. Antiviral chemotherapy

Question 1

I. Basics
1. What are the features of antiviral therapy?

Answer 1

Question 2

II. Targets of antiviral therapy
1. What are the 4 main targets of antiviral therapy?

Answer 2

Question 3

II. Targets of antiviral therapy
2. What is/are the feature(s) of Receptor antagonists as antiviral therapy

Answer 3

prevents attachment of the virus

Question 4

II. Targets of antiviral therapy
3. What is/are the feature(s) of antiviral therapy when it comes to “Inhibition of viral nucleic acid synthesis”?

Answer 4

1. Nucleoside synthesis inhibitors
2. DNA polymerase inhibitors
3. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs)
   - nucletide analogs: competitive blockage (NRTIs) - non-nucleotides (NNRTIs)

Question 5

II. Targets of antiviral therapy
4. What is/are the feature(s) of protease inhibitors?

Answer 5

prevents slicing of polypeptide into functional proteins

Question 6

II. Targets of antiviral therapy
5. What is/are the feature(s) of Neuraminidaze inhibitors?

Answer 6

Neuraminidaze inhibitors: prevents release of influenza viruses from the cells

Question 7

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
1. What are the types of drugs used in antiviral therapy?

Answer 7

1. Drugs used against herpesviruses
2. Drugs used against influenzaviruses
3. Drugs used against hepatitis B virus
4. Drugs used against hepatitis C virus
5. Drugs used against HIV
6. Drugs used against HIV

Question 8

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
2. What are the features of drugs used against herpesviruses?

Answer 8

• Nucleoside analoges – inhibits DNA synthesis - chain termination
• eg. Acyclovir, ganciclovir in creams, pills or infusion
• Activated by viral enzymes – no effect on uninfected cells

Question 9

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
3. What are the features of drugs used against influenzaviruses?

Answer 9

• Inhibition of uncoating: amantadine, rimantadine
• Neuraminidase inhibitor: blockage of viral budding – oseltamivir, zanamivir

Question 10

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
4. What are the features of drugs used against hepatitis B virus?

Answer 10

• Pegylated interferon-α: inhibition of viral protein and nucleic acid synthesis
• Nucleotide analoge reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs): eg. tenofovir, lamivudin

Question 11

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
5. What are the features of drugs used against hepatitis C virus?

Answer 11

• Pegylated interferon-α: inhibition of viral protein and nucleic acid synthesis
• Nucleoside synthesis inhibitor: ribavirin
• Direct acting antivirals (DAAs): in combinations
  +) protease inhibitors eg. ledispavir + RNA polymerase inhibitor eg. sofosbuvir

Question 12

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
6A. What are the features of drugs used against HIV?

Answer 12

Question 13

III. Drugs used in antiviral therapy
6B. What is the Chemophrophylaxis against HIV?

Answer 13

Question 14

IV. Antiviral therapy for SARS-COV2
1. What are the drugs we use?

Answer 14

Question 15

IV. Antiviral therapy for SARS-COV2
2. What are the drugs we use for Immune response modulation?

Answer 15

Question 16

IV. Antiviral therapy for SARS-COV2
3. What are the Antiviral drug for SARS-COV2?

Answer 16