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AA Microbio Semifinal > II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 19. Bacillus genus > Flashcards

II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 19. Bacillus genus Flashcards

1
Q

I. Bacillus genus
1. What are the features of Bacillus genus?

A
  • Gram-positive, spore forming rods
  • usually seen in chains
  • endospore formation (helps the survival of the bacterium)
  • easy to culture
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2
Q

I. Bacillus genus
2. What are the 2 important species of Bacillus genus

A
  1. Bacillus anthracis
  2. Bacillus cereus
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3
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
3A. What are the virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. capsule (synthesizing enzymes are encoded on plasmid)
  2. AB-type toxins (encoded on plasmid)
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4
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
3B. What are the features of capsule as a virulence factor?

A

capsule (synthesizing enzymes are encoded on plasmid)
* it is NOT a polysaccharide!
* D-glutamate polymer (aminoacid!)
* antiphagocytic

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5
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
3C. What are the features of AB-type toxins as a virulence factor?

A

AB-type toxins (encoded on plasmid)
* edema factor (A subunit)
* lethal factor (A subunit)
* protective antigen (B subunit)

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6
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
4. What is the source of infection of Bacillus anthracis ?

A
  • zoonotic disease (animal products)
  • contaminated environment (soil)
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7
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
5. What is the transmission route of Bacillus anthracis ?

A
  • consumption of contaminated animal products
  • inhalation of environmental spores
  • direct contact (through skin injuries)
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8
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
6A. What are the 4 diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. cutaneous anthrax
  2. gastrointestinal anthrax
  3. pulmonary anthrax
  4. injection anthrax
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9
Q

I. Bacillus genus
6B. What are the features of cutaneous anthrax?

A
  • non-painful ulcer with marginal edema
  • might disseminate and lead to blood stream infection later
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10
Q

I. Bacillus genus
6C. What are the features of gastrointestinal anthrax?

A
  • bowel ulcerations
  • haemorrhagic diarrhoea
  • necrosis of bowels
  • consequent blood stream infection
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11
Q

I. Bacillus genus
6D. What are the features of pulmonary anthrax?

A
  • haemorrhagic pneumonia
  • necrosis of lung tissue
  • consequent blood stream infection, respiratory failure
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12
Q

I. Bacillus genus
6E. What are the features of injection anthrax?

A

in recent years in heroin-injecting drug users in northern Europe

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13
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
7A. How can we diagnose diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A
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14
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
7B. How can we do sampling for diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A

sampling: based on clinical disease
* skin anthrax: ulcer biopsy
* systemic symptoms: blood culture
* pneumonia: sputum / BAL
* GI anthrax: stool

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15
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
7B. How can we do laboratory for diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A
  • culturing (non-haemolytic on blood agar!)
  • IF, PCR
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16
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
8. What is the empirical therapy for diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A
  1. antibiotics
    - tetracyclines
    - fluoroquinolons
  2. antitoxins
17
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus anthracis
9. What is the prevention for diseases caused by Bacillus anthracis?

A
  • animal vaccination (attenuated vaccine)
  • the used strain can not produce the capsule (“Sterne-strai”)
18
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus cereus
10. What are the features of Bacillus cereus

A
  1. environmental bacterium
  2. easy to culture
    - cloud-like colonies
    - beta-haemolytic on blood agar
19
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus cereus
11A. What are the diseases caused by Bacillus cereus

A
  1. food poisoning
  2. blood stream infection
20
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus cereus
11B. How can Bacillus cereus cause food poisoning?

21
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus cereus
11C. How can Bacillus cereus cause blood stream infection?

A
  • rare, catheter associated mostly
  • seen in immunosuppressed patients
22
Q

I. Bacillus genus - Bacillus cereus
12. What is the empirical therapy for Bacillus cereus?

A
  • fluid therapy
  • antibiotics in real infections linsoamides (clindamycin), fluoroquinolons

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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