III - A. Virology | 3. Prophylaxis of viral diseases Flashcards
I. Antiviral vaccines
1. What are the 2 types of antiviral vaccines?
- Using whole virus approach
- Live attenuated virus
- Inactivated virus
- Viral vector vaccines - Using part of the virus
- Subunit vaccines
- Nucleic acid vaccines
I. Antiviral vaccination
2. What is the aim of Active immunisation?
Aim: show virus antigens to host without causing infection
=> Immune system of the host will actively gain immunity, Immune memory develops
I. Antiviral vaccines
3A. One type of antiviral vaccines is “using whole virus approach”
=> What are the 3 types of vaccine using this approach?
- Live attenuated strains
- Inactivated virus
- Viral vector vaccines
I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3B. What are the features of antiviral vaccine with “Live attenuated strains”?
- Give example!
- Live attenuated strains: weakened strains of the virus with no pathogenicity
- eg. MMR – measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3C. What are the features of antiviral vaccine with “inactivated virus”?
- Give example!
- Inactivated virus – with heat of formalin – contains all the antigens
- eg. IPV: Inactivated Poliomyelitis virus Vaccine
I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3D. What are the features of Viral vector vaccine?
- Antigens of the 1st virus are expressed by another, harmless 2nd virus
- Infection by this 2nd modified virus will provide immunity for 1st virus
- Eg. Adenovirus vector vaccines against SARS-CoV2: Janssen, Astra-Zeneca, Sputnik
I. Antiviral vaccination
4A. What are the 2 types of vaccines using parts of the virus?
- Subunit vaccines
- Nucleic Acid Vaccines
I. Antiviral vaccination - using parts of the virus
4B. What are the features of subunit vaccines?
- Subunit vaccines – produced by recombinant technology
- eg. HBsAg – vaccine against hepatitis B virus contains surface antigen only
—- - Virus like particles (VLP): virus structural proteins that self-assemble into VLP
- Lacks nucleic acid of the virus – not infectious
- Eg. Vaccines against Human Papilloma Virus – HPV
I. Antiviral vaccination - using parts of the virus
4C. What are the features of nucleic acid vaccines?
- Contains mRNA encoding an important protein of the virus
- It will be produced by host cell
- Eg. Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine against SARS-CoV2 – mRNA encoding spike
II. List the obligatory vaccines
III. Vaccines against SARS-COV-2
1. What are the features of Vaccines against SARS-COV-2 ?