III - A. Virology | 3. Prophylaxis of viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

I. Antiviral vaccines
1. What are the 2 types of antiviral vaccines?

A
  1. Using whole virus approach
    - Live attenuated virus
    - Inactivated virus
    - Viral vector vaccines
  2. Using part of the virus
    - Subunit vaccines
    - Nucleic acid vaccines
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2
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination
2. What is the aim of Active immunisation?

A

Aim: show virus antigens to host without causing infection
=> Immune system of the host will actively gain immunity, Immune memory develops

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3
Q

I. Antiviral vaccines
3A. One type of antiviral vaccines is “using whole virus approach”
=> What are the 3 types of vaccine using this approach?

A
  1. Live attenuated strains
  2. Inactivated virus
  3. Viral vector vaccines
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4
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3B. What are the features of antiviral vaccine with “Live attenuated strains”?
- Give example!

A
  • Live attenuated strains: weakened strains of the virus with no pathogenicity
  • eg. MMR – measles, mumps, rubella vaccine
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5
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3C. What are the features of antiviral vaccine with “inactivated virus”?
- Give example!

A
  • Inactivated virus – with heat of formalin – contains all the antigens
  • eg. IPV: Inactivated Poliomyelitis virus Vaccine
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6
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination - using whole virus approach
3D. What are the features of Viral vector vaccine?

A
  • Antigens of the 1st virus are expressed by another, harmless 2nd virus
  • Infection by this 2nd modified virus will provide immunity for 1st virus
  • Eg. Adenovirus vector vaccines against SARS-CoV2: Janssen, Astra-Zeneca, Sputnik
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7
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination
4A. What are the 2 types of vaccines using parts of the virus?

A
  1. Subunit vaccines
  2. Nucleic Acid Vaccines
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8
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination - using parts of the virus
4B. What are the features of subunit vaccines?

A
  • Subunit vaccines – produced by recombinant technology
  • eg. HBsAg – vaccine against hepatitis B virus contains surface antigen only
    —-
  • Virus like particles (VLP): virus structural proteins that self-assemble into VLP
  • Lacks nucleic acid of the virus – not infectious
  • Eg. Vaccines against Human Papilloma Virus – HPV
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9
Q

I. Antiviral vaccination - using parts of the virus
4C. What are the features of nucleic acid vaccines?

A
  • Contains mRNA encoding an important protein of the virus
  • It will be produced by host cell
  • Eg. Comirnaty (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine against SARS-CoV2 – mRNA encoding spike
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10
Q

II. List the obligatory vaccines

A
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11
Q

III. Vaccines against SARS-COV-2
1. What are the features of Vaccines against SARS-COV-2 ?

A
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