IB. Medical Mycology | 23. Microbiological diagnosis of diseases caused by fungi. Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycosis?

A

mycosis= infection caused by fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
1. What are the methods of Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases?

A
  1. Culture
  2. Microscopy
  3. Biochemical Reactions
  4. Serology
  5. Molecular biology
  6. MALDI - TOF
  7. FISH
  8. E test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
2. What are the specimens we need to prepare for Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases?

A
  1. scrapings from the skin and the nails
  2. hairs plucked from involved areas
  3. Microsporum-infected hairs fluoresce under Wood’s light (365 nm) in a darkened room
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
2. Why do we need culture for Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases?

A

the identification of dermatophyte species requires cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
3A. How do we use CULTURE in Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases?

A
  1. specimens are inoculated onto inhibitory mould agar or Sabouraud’s agar plates containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol
  2. species are identified on the basis:
    - colonial morphology (growth rate,
    surface texture, and any pigmentation)
    - microscopic morphology (macroconidia, microconidia)
    - nutritional requirements
  3. long time incubation (for negative result) - about 14 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases - CULTURE
3B. What is the basis for identification of the species?

A
  • colonial morphology (growth rate,
    surface texture, and any pigmentation)
  • microscopic morphology (macroconidia, microconidia)
  • nutritional requirements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases - CULTURE
3C. What are specimens inoculated on?

A

specimens are inoculated onto inhibitory mould agar or Sabouraud’s agar plates containing cycloheximide and chloramphenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
4. How do we use microscopy in Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases?

A
  1. WET MOUNT is a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as water) for microscopic examination
  2. simple staining (eg. methylene blue)
  3. before native examination 30% KOH => keratolysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

I. Laboratory diagnosis of fungal diseases
5. What are biochemical reactions we can use to identify fungal diseases?

A
  • sugar fermentation
  • sugar assimilation test
  • nitrate assimilation test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

II. What are the 5 types of mycological diseases?

A
  • Dermatomycoses = Superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous mycoses
  • Systemic mycoses
  • Opportunistic mycoses
  • Allergic reactions
  • Intoxications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
1. What are the 3 main therapies for fungal reaction?

A
  1. Polygenes
  2. 5-fluorocystosine
  3. Azoles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
2. How does Polygenes work?

A
  • bind egosterol
  • Weaken the cell membrane
  • form pores
  • Leakage of K+ and Na+
  • Fungal cell death
  • Also cause mammalian toxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
3. How does Azoles work?

A

It will inhibit the enzyme that synthesize egosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
4. How does 5-fluorocystosine work?

A

Block the synthesis of nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
4. Make a schematic diagram for the biosynthetic pathway of ergosterol and points of activity by anti-fungal agent?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
5A. Give the anti-fungal agent classification based on mechanism of action

A
17
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
6. What are the features of Polyene antifungal agents?

A
18
Q

III. Therapy of fungal infection
7. What are the features of Nystatin

A
19
Q

IV. Classification of fungal disease
1. Give the Classification of fungal disease?

A
  1. Fungal allergies
    - “sick building syndrome”, generally occur in individuals with other allergies
  2. Mycotoxicosis
    - may result from ingestion of fungal- contaminated foods (generally an animal problem) or mushrooms
20
Q

IV. Classification of fungal disease
2. What are the features of fungal allergies?

A
  • “sick building syndrome”, generally occur in individuals with other allergies
21
Q

IV. Classification of fungal disease
3. What are the features of Mycotoxicosis?

A

Mycotoxicosis
- may result from ingestion of fungal- contaminated foods (generally an animal problem) or mushrooms