IA. General microbiology | 5. Sterilization Flashcards
I. Sterilization
1. What is sterilization?
- killing procedure of any kind of germs ……..
- inactivation (killing) of all forms of microbial life (pathogenic microbes and spores)
I. Sterilization
2. What is sterile?
Sterile: an object that is free of all living organisms
I. Sterilization
3. How can sterile be achieved?
Can be achieved via application of heat, chemicals, iradiation, high pressure and filtration
I. Sterilization
4. What is the aim of sterilization?
Complete removal or destruction of all forms of microbial life including bacterial spores
I. Sterilization
5A. What is decimal time (D)?
- Decimal time (D): time needed to reduce the initial number (N0) to one tenth of its original value
- Number of microorganisms (N) after sterilization is given by:
I. Sterilization
5B. What are the features of D?
D varies with temperature, type of organism, water activity, pH, etc.
■ D becomes considerably shorter with increased temperature → high temperature will reduce the N0 faster than low temperature.
I. Sterilization
6. What are the 5 applications of sterilization?
○ Sterilization of medical instrumentations
○ Annihilation of infectious waste
○ Sterilisation of injectable medications
○ Skin disinfection
○ Food safety
II. Methods of Sterilization
1. Classification of methods of sterilization
II. Methods of Sterilization
2. Classification of physical methods
II. Methods of Sterilization
3. Classification of chemical methods
II. Methods of Sterilization
4. Classification of mechanical method
II. Methods of Sterilization - Physical method (Heat)
1. What are the features of flaming (dry heat) method?
○ Instruments are held in flame until they become red hot
○ Incinerating biological waste from hospitals and laboratories
○ Use: inoculation loop, inoculation needle, scalpels, mouth of test
tube, top of forceps
II. Methods of Sterilization - Physical method (Heat)
2. What are the features of hot air oven (dry heat) method?
Hot air oven (dry heat) – most widely used method
○ Heating at atmospheric pressure and often use a fan to obtain uniform temperature by circulation
○ 1hr→ 180°C ;2hr →160°C; 3hrs→140°C
○ Use: laboratory glassware, ceramics, surgical instruments
without sharp edges, powders
tube, top of forceps
II. Methods of Sterilization - Physical method (Heat)
3A. What are the features of utoclaving (moist heat) or steam sterilizer?
- Insulated pressure chamber in which saturated steam is used to elevate the temperature
- Denaturation and coagulation of microbial protein occur during exposure to the high temperature of the steam
- 121°C at +1atm overpressure for 20-30mins
- 134°C at +2atm overpressure for 10mins
II. Methods of Sterilization - Physical method (Heat)
3B. Why is autoclaving (moist heat) or steam sterilizer more effective than DRY HEAT?
- More rapid, even penetration
- Better bactericidal/virucidal effect
- Short efficient cycle time