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AA Microbio Semifinal > IIA. Systemic Bacteriology | 5. Neisseria. Veillonella. Moraxella. Acinetobacter > Flashcards

IIA. Systemic Bacteriology | 5. Neisseria. Veillonella. Moraxella. Acinetobacter Flashcards

1
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
1. What are the features of Neisseria?

A
  • Obligate human pathogens
  • Cell wall: LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) instead of LPS (inflammation!)
  • Oxidase positivity (see practical class)
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2
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
2. Describe Microscopic morphology of Neisseria?

A

Bean-shaped Gram-negative diplococci
(N. meningitidis: capsulated)

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3
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
3. Describe cultivation of Neisseria?

A
  • Very susceptible (fastidious) bacteria
  • Cultivation only on chocolate agar, in 5% CO2
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4
Q

I. Neisseria
4. What are the 2 examples of Neisseria

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
  2. Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
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5
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5A. What is the transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • sexual (STD)
  • perinatal (through birth canal) → conjunctiva of newborn
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6
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5B. What is the clinical picture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • men: acute urethritis: dysuria, burning pain, purulent exudate („Bonjour-drop”)
  • women: cervicitis, urethritis, but often asymptomatic; vaginitis in teenagers
  • blenorrhoea (ophtalmia) neonatorum → blindness!
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7
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5C. What is the Microscopic morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A

– specimen: purulent exudate
– direct Gram staining (1) or methylene blue staining (2)
– Gram-negative diplococci, seen intracellularly

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8
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5D. Describe the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
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9
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5E. What is the treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • earlier: penicillin, today rather 3. gen. cephalosporins (ceftriaxon)
  • if chlamydia also suspected: additional macrolide (azythromycin)
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10
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5F. What is the Prevention for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • for newborns: earlier Credé eye drops (silver acetate); today rather antibiotic containing eye drops (tetracycline or macrolide)
  • for adults: condom
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11
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6A. What is the transmission of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • nasopharyngeal colonisation precedes disease [asymptomatic carriage!]
  • from the nasopharynx to CNS: always through blood (bacteremia!)
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12
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6B. What is the clinical picture of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A
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13
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6B. What are the early symptoms meningococcal meningitis?

A
  • fever, stiff neck, strong headache, back pain, joint pain, vomiting, petechia or rush*, photophobia
  • in case of neonates: high voice crying, refusal of food, difficulty in waking up
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14
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6C. What are the late symptoms meningococcal meningitis?

A

neurological signs, convulsion, decreased consciousness, extended skin lesions; coma, death

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15
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6D. What is the Outcome of N. meningitidis meningitis?

A
  1. Average lethality: 8-15%
  2. Survivors experience 10-20% long-term or irreversible disability:
    - impaired hearing/ hearing loss
    - neurological sequelae (focal neurological deficits, cognitive impairment, epilepsy)
    - amputation of extremities (if necrotised)
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16
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6E. What are the risk groups of N. meningitidis meningitis?

A
  • newborns (after finishing breast feeding)
  • people at overcrowded places (e.g. military service, summer festivals)
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17
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F1. How do we identify Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) in Laboratory?

A
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18
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F2. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, what is the specimen?

A

CSF (liquor)

19
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F3. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Microscopic detection?

A

Microscopic detection: direct Gram staining
- Gram-negative diplococci, seen mostly intracellularly

21
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F4. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Rapid antigen detection?

A

Rapid antigen detection: latex agglutination
* testing for the most common meningitis causing bacteria

21
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F5. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Cultivation?

A
  • hemoculture obligatory!
  • cooling of specimen is forbidden
  • if nasopharyngeal specimen: blood agar (!), chocolate agar or
    Thayer-Martin agar, 5% CO2
22
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6G. What is the treatment for Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)?

A

cefotaxim, ceftriaxon

23
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6H. What is the Prevention for Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)?

24
Q

I. Neisseria
7. List Meningococcal vaccines

25
I. Neisseria 8. Give the Vaccine recommendation (CDC)?
26
I. Neisseria 9A. Describe Apathogenic Neisseria species
27
I. Neisseria 9B. What is the source of Apathogenic Neisseria species?
Normal flora of oropharynx → „N. pharyngitidis”, pharyngococcusok
28
I. Neisseria 9C. What is the Cultivation of Apathogenic Neisseria species?
Can grow on simple agar, at room temperature; ferment more sugars
29
I. Neisseria 9D. What are the species of Apathogenic Neisseria species?
N. lactamica, N. sicca, N. mucosa, N. flavescens
30
I. Neisseria 9E. What is the significance of Apathogenic Neisseria species?
* differential diagnosis! * rarely respiratory tract infections, endocarditis
31
II. Moraxella genus 1. Describe Moraxella genus
32
II. Moraxella genus 2. What is the cultivation of Moraxella genus?
white, pushable colonies („hockey puck”)
33
II. Moraxella genus 3. What are the main features of Moraxella genus?
* Moraxellaceae family * Gram-negative diplococci * oxidase-positive
34
II. Moraxella genus 4. What are examples of Moraxella genus
- M. catarrhalis infections - M. lacunata
35
II. Moraxella genus 5. What are the diseases caused by M. catarrhalis?
M. catarrhalis infections: - otitis media, sinusitis (like pneumococcus, Haemophilus!), bronchitis - In immunszuppressed: sepsis, endocarditis
36
II. Moraxella genus 6. What are the diseases caused by M. lacunata?
subacute conjunctivitis
37
II. Moraxella genus 7. What is the treatment for Moraxella genus?
β-lakcame+enzyme inhibitor, cephalosporin
38
III. Veillonella genus 1. What are the features of Veillonella genus?
* obligate anaerobe, diplococci * oxidase negative * normal flora: oral cavity, intestine, vagina
39
III. Veillonella genus 2. What are the species of Veillonella genus?
Species: V. parvula, V. alcalescens, V. dentocariosa
40
III. Veillonella genus 3. What is the transmission of Veillonella genus?
infections: following oral or gynecological surgery
41
III. Veillonella genus 4. What is the treatment of Veillonella genus?
metronidazole
42
IV. Acinetobacter 1. What are the features of Acinetobacter?
● Obligate aerobic ● oxidase negative ● non-fermenting ● Gram negative - coccobacilli ● Found in genital tract, skin and upper respiratory tract
43
IV. Acinetobacter 2. Why is Acinetobacter Opportunistic pathogen?
○ Causes airborne upper respiratory tract infection ○ UTI ○ Wounds
44
IV. Acinetobacter 3. What is the treatment for Acinetobacter?
Treatment: broad-spectrum cephalosporin -> Often antibiotic resistant

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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