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AA Microbio Semifinal > IIA. Systemic Bacteriology | 5. Neisseria. Veillonella. Moraxella. Acinetobacter > Flashcards

IIA. Systemic Bacteriology | 5. Neisseria. Veillonella. Moraxella. Acinetobacter Flashcards

1
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
1. What are the features of Neisseria?

A
  • Obligate human pathogens
  • Cell wall: LOS (lipo-oligosaccharide) instead of LPS (inflammation!)
  • Oxidase positivity (see practical class)
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2
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
2. Describe Microscopic morphology of Neisseria?

A

Bean-shaped Gram-negative diplococci
(N. meningitidis: capsulated)

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3
Q

I. Neisseria - General features of Neisseria
3. Describe cultivation of Neisseria?

A
  • Very susceptible (fastidious) bacteria
  • Cultivation only on chocolate agar, in 5% CO2
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4
Q

I. Neisseria
4. What are the 2 examples of Neisseria

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
  2. Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
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5
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5A. What is the transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • sexual (STD)
  • perinatal (through birth canal) → conjunctiva of newborn
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6
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5B. What is the clinical picture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • men: acute urethritis: dysuria, burning pain, purulent exudate („Bonjour-drop”)
  • women: cervicitis, urethritis, but often asymptomatic; vaginitis in teenagers
  • blenorrhoea (ophtalmia) neonatorum → blindness!
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7
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5C. What is the Microscopic morphology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A

– specimen: purulent exudate
– direct Gram staining (1) or methylene blue staining (2)
– Gram-negative diplococci, seen intracellularly

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8
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5D. Describe the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
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9
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5E. What is the treatment for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • earlier: penicillin, today rather 3. gen. cephalosporins (ceftriaxon)
  • if chlamydia also suspected: additional macrolide (azythromycin)
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10
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)
5F. What is the Prevention for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)?

A
  • for newborns: earlier Credé eye drops (silver acetate); today rather antibiotic containing eye drops (tetracycline or macrolide)
  • for adults: condom
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11
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6A. What is the transmission of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A
  • respiratory droplets
  • nasopharyngeal colonisation precedes disease [asymptomatic carriage!]
  • from the nasopharynx to CNS: always through blood (bacteremia!)
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12
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6B. What is the clinical picture of Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)

A
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13
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6B. What are the early symptoms meningococcal meningitis?

A
  • fever, stiff neck, strong headache, back pain, joint pain, vomiting, petechia or rush*, photophobia
  • in case of neonates: high voice crying, refusal of food, difficulty in waking up
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14
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6C. What are the late symptoms meningococcal meningitis?

A

neurological signs, convulsion, decreased consciousness, extended skin lesions; coma, death

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15
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6D. What is the Outcome of N. meningitidis meningitis?

A
  1. Average lethality: 8-15%
  2. Survivors experience 10-20% long-term or irreversible disability:
    - impaired hearing/ hearing loss
    - neurological sequelae (focal neurological deficits, cognitive impairment, epilepsy)
    - amputation of extremities (if necrotised)
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16
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6E. What are the risk groups of N. meningitidis meningitis?

A
  • newborns (after finishing breast feeding)
  • people at overcrowded places (e.g. military service, summer festivals)
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17
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F1. How do we identify Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) in Laboratory?

A
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18
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F2. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, what is the specimen?

A

CSF (liquor)

19
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F3. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Microscopic detection?

A

Microscopic detection: direct Gram staining
- Gram-negative diplococci, seen mostly intracellularly

21
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F4. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Rapid antigen detection?

A

Rapid antigen detection: latex agglutination
* testing for the most common meningitis causing bacteria

21
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6F5. In Laboratory identification of meningococcus, Describe Cultivation?

A
  • hemoculture obligatory!
  • cooling of specimen is forbidden
  • if nasopharyngeal specimen: blood agar (!), chocolate agar or
    Thayer-Martin agar, 5% CO2
22
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6G. What is the treatment for Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)?

A

cefotaxim, ceftriaxon

23
Q

I. Neisseria - Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)
6H. What is the Prevention for Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus)?

24
Q

I. Neisseria
7. List Meningococcal vaccines

25
Q

I. Neisseria
8. Give the Vaccine recommendation (CDC)?

26
Q

I. Neisseria
9A. Describe Apathogenic Neisseria species

27
Q

I. Neisseria
9B. What is the source of Apathogenic Neisseria species?

A

Normal flora of oropharynx → „N. pharyngitidis”, pharyngococcusok

28
Q

I. Neisseria
9C. What is the Cultivation of Apathogenic Neisseria species?

A

Can grow on simple agar, at room temperature; ferment more sugars

29
Q

I. Neisseria
9D. What are the species of Apathogenic Neisseria species?

A

N. lactamica, N. sicca, N. mucosa, N. flavescens

30
Q

I. Neisseria
9E. What is the significance of Apathogenic Neisseria species?

A
  • differential diagnosis!
  • rarely respiratory tract infections, endocarditis
31
Q

II. Moraxella genus
1. Describe Moraxella genus

32
Q

II. Moraxella genus
2. What is the cultivation of Moraxella genus?

A

white, pushable colonies („hockey puck”)

33
Q

II. Moraxella genus
3. What are the main features of Moraxella genus?

A
  • Moraxellaceae family
  • Gram-negative diplococci
  • oxidase-positive
34
Q

II. Moraxella genus
4. What are examples of Moraxella genus

A
  • M. catarrhalis infections
  • M. lacunata
35
Q

II. Moraxella genus
5. What are the diseases caused by M. catarrhalis?

A

M. catarrhalis infections:
- otitis media, sinusitis (like pneumococcus, Haemophilus!), bronchitis
- In immunszuppressed: sepsis, endocarditis

36
Q

II. Moraxella genus
6. What are the diseases caused by M. lacunata?

A

subacute conjunctivitis

37
Q

II. Moraxella genus
7. What is the treatment for Moraxella genus?

A

β-lakcame+enzyme inhibitor, cephalosporin

38
Q

III. Veillonella genus
1. What are the features of Veillonella genus?

A
  • obligate anaerobe, diplococci
  • oxidase negative
  • normal flora: oral cavity, intestine, vagina
39
Q

III. Veillonella genus
2. What are the species of Veillonella genus?

A

Species: V. parvula, V. alcalescens, V. dentocariosa

40
Q

III. Veillonella genus
3. What is the transmission of Veillonella genus?

A

infections: following oral or gynecological surgery

41
Q

III. Veillonella genus
4. What is the treatment of Veillonella genus?

A

metronidazole

42
Q

IV. Acinetobacter
1. What are the features of Acinetobacter?

A

● Obligate aerobic
● oxidase negative
● non-fermenting
● Gram negative - coccobacilli
● Found in genital tract, skin and upper respiratory tract

43
Q

IV. Acinetobacter
2. Why is Acinetobacter Opportunistic pathogen?

A

○ Causes airborne upper respiratory tract infection
○ UTI
○ Wounds

44
Q

IV. Acinetobacter
3. What is the treatment for Acinetobacter?

A

Treatment: broad-spectrum cephalosporin
-> Often antibiotic resistant

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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