III - A. Virology | 2. Cultivation of viruses. Replication of viruses. The productive virus infection Flashcards

1
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1A. What is the infective cycle of virus

A
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2
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1B. In the infective cycle, what happen in step 1: attachment?

A

attachment: interaction of virion with the host cell via receptor-ligand interactions

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3
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1C. In the infective cycle, what happen in step 2: penetration?

A

penetration: virus is taken up inside the cell (attachment initiates receptor-mediated endocytosis)

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4
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1D. In the infective cycle, what happen in step 3: uncoating?

A

uncoating: physical separation of the nucleic acid from the outer components of the virion

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5
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1E. In the infective cycle, what happen in step 3: „eclipse”?

A

„eclipse”: virion „disappeares”, time of viral genome replication and protein synthesis
- transcription of early genes, then translation into proteins
- replication of nucleic acid
- transcription of late genes, then translation into proteins

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6
Q

I. Replication of viruses
1F. In the infective cycle, what happen in step 5: release?

A

Release
* through lysis of host cell
* through budding
* througn exocytosis

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7
Q

I. Replication of viruses - Types of infection
2A. What are the 4 types of viral infection?

A
  1. productive infection
  2. abortive infection
  3. restrictive infection
  4. latent infection
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8
Q

I. Replication of viruses - Types of infection
2B. What is productive infection?

A

the virus replicates inside a susceptible cell (or permissive cell)

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9
Q

I. Replication of viruses - Types of infection
2C. What is abortive infection?

A

Abortive infection: cell were infected by the virus but can not produce any progeny virus as a result of the infection

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10
Q

I. Replication of viruses - Types of infection
2D. What is restrictive infection?

A

restrictive infection: the complete repertoire of virus genes necessary for virus replication is not transcribed and translated into functional products
=> the infection is referred to as restrictive

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11
Q

I. Replication of viruses - Types of infection
2F. What is latent infection?

A

latent infection: the residence in the body of a specific infectious agent without any manifest symptoms

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12
Q

I. Replication of viruses
3A. What are the infection types based on clinical symptoms?

A
  • acute
  • chronic (or persistent)
  • latent-reactivating
  • slow virus infection
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13
Q

I. Replication of viruses
3B. Give examples of viruses causing acute infection

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • Rotavirus
  • Influenza virus
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14
Q

I. Replication of viruses
3C. Give examples of viruses causing persistent infection

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

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15
Q

I. Replication of viruses
3D. Give examples of virus causing latent infection

A

Herpes simplex virus

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16
Q

I. Replication of viruses
3E. Give examples of slow virus infection

A
  • Measles SSPE
  • Human immunodeficiency virus
17
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
1. What are the issues with cultivation of viruses?

A
  • obligate parasites (lack of metabolism)
  • have to find the susceptible (permissive) host cell
18
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
2. What are the 3 cultivation methods?

A
  1. Inoculation of laboratory animals
  2. Cultivation of viruses in embryonated egg
  3. In vitro cell or tissue cultures
19
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
3. What are the features of cultivation of viruses in embryonated egg?

A
  • 8-12 days old, embryonated egg
  • inoculation of different layers of the egg
  • detection of changes / cytopathic effects
  • Used in influenza vaccine production
  • Cheaper, easier compared to use of lab animals
20
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
4. What are the features of Inoculation of laboratory animals?

A
  • Not used in diagnostics anymore, only for research (for studies of pathogenesis)
  • inoculation of susceptible tissue
  • eg. newborn mice were used to differentiate Coxsackie A and B viruses
21
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
5A. What are the features of cultivation in vitro cell or tissue cultures

A
  • primary, secondary and continous cell lines
  • Mostly used method for virus propagation
  • Cells of human or animal origin are cultivated in the lab in flask / Petri dish
  • Flasks for cell culturing → monolayer cultures
  • Bottles→ suspension cultures
  • Cell culture media with liquid, serum, antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, growth factors
22
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
5B. How do we prepare cell culture? ( Tissue culture)

A

wash and centrifuge cells
→ cultivate cells in culture media
→ primary cells
→ transformed cells
→ continuous cell like (immortalized cells with abnormalities)

23
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
6. How do we detect virus infected cells?

A
  • detection of cytopathic effects
  • detection of virus-encoded proteins (immunohistochemistry)
  • detection of virus-specific nucleic acid
  • haemadsorption
24
Q

II. Cultivation of viruses
7. How do we detect viruses based on Cytopathologic effects (CPE)?

A