IA. General microbiology | 10. Antibiotics used in combination. Flashcards
I. Antibiotics
1. What is the role of Antibiotics?
- Antibiotics kill/inhibit growth of bacteria, treat & prevent infections
- Increase the antibacterial effect
- Reduce the toxicity
- Prevent selection of resistant cell
I. Antibiotics
2. What are the targets of antibiotics?
○ -folic acid synthesis
○ -dna gyrase(no supercoiling)
○ -rna synthesis(no ribosomes, no trna, no mrna)
○ -cell wall synthesis
○ -protein synthesis (will block the epa site of ribosome)
II. Aim of Combination
1. What is the aim of antibiotics combinations?
- Synergy (2 substances that together have a greater effect than just 1)
- Avoiding Resistance
- Targets polymicrobial Infection (presence of at least 2+ micro-organisms)
II. Aim of Combination
2A. One of the aim of combination is SYNERGY
=> Explain why
Synergy (2 substances that together have a greater effect than just 1)
II. Aim of Combination
2B. What are examples of SYNERGY?
- Sumetrolim: TMP + SMX
- Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections.
- Sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic. Also used to treat bladder infections (uti’s) bronchitis, and prostatitis, effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes and E. coli - Synercid: quinupristin + dalfopristin
- Penicillin + gentamicin
II. Aim of Combination
3. One of the aim of combination is Avoiding Resistance
=> Give an example
β-lactam + enzyme inhibitors
II. Aim of Combination
4. One of the aim of combination is Targeting polymicrobial Infection
=> Explain why
Targets polymicrobial Infection (presence of at least 2+ micro-organisms)
III. What is the contradiction of antibiotics used in combination?
β-lactam (Acts only on multiplying bacteria) + bacteriostatic (inhibits multiplication of bacteria)