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AA Microbio Semifinal > II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 23. Borrelia, Leptospira > Flashcards

II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 23. Borrelia, Leptospira Flashcards

1
Q

I. Borrelia
1. What is the morphology of Borrelia?

A
  • Larger spirochetes,
  • Gram Negative (-)
  • Microaerophilic
  • Difficult to culture
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2
Q

I. Borrelia
2. What are the important species of Borrelia?

A
  • Borrelia recurrentis
  • Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
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3
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
3. What is Borrelia recurrentis?

A

pathogen of recurrent fever

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4
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
4. What is the role of virulence factors of Borrelia recurrentis?

A
  • might neutralize the complement system
  • able to change its surface antigens!
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5
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
5. What is the source oof infection of Borrelia recurrentis?

A

infected person

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6
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
5. What is the route of transmission of Borrelia recurrentis?

A

by the bite of body louse

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7
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
6A. What is the disease caused by Borrelia recurrentis?

A

recurrent fever

(* 2-16 days long incubation period (7 days on average)
* fever, chills, headache, muscle pain
* symptoms disappear after 3-5 days
* symptoms restart on average a week later (due to the antigenic change of the
bacterium))

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8
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
6B. What are the symptoms of recurrent fever?

A
  • 2-16 days long incubation period (7 days on average)
  • fever, chills, headache, muscle pain
  • symptoms disappear after 3-5 days
  • symptoms restart on average a week later (due to the antigenic change of the
    bacterium)
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9
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
7A. What is the diagnosis for the disease (recurrent fever) caused by Borrelia recurrentis

A
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10
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
7B. How do we do sampling to diagnose disease (recurrent fever) caused by Borrelia recurrentis

A

sampling: blood culture, blood (for serology)

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11
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
7C. How do we do laboratory to diagnose disease (recurrent fever) caused by Borrelia recurrentis

A
  • examination of Giemsa-stained blood smear
  • culturing (Kelly-medium)
  • serology (ELISA)
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12
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia recurrentis
8. What is the empirical therapy and prevention for Borrelia recurrentis

A
  1. tetracyclines: Jarisch-Heixheimer reaction might occur
  2. ectoparasite eradication
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13
Q

I. Borrelia
9. What are the pathogens of Lyme’s disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii

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14
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
10. What is the source of infection of Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

infected/carrier animals, ticks (zoonotic!)

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15
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
11. What is the route of transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

through the bite of ticks (vector borne!)

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16
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
12A. What is the disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

Lyme’s borreliosis (3 stages)
- primary borreliosis
- secondary borreliosis
- tertiary borreliosis:

17
Q

I. Borrelia - Lyme’s borreliosis
12B. What happen in primary borreliosis?

A

primary borreliosis: erythema chronicum migrans
- „bullseye rash”
- seen in c.a. 60% of patients at the site of tick bite
- local lypmhadenopathy might be present

(Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii)

18
Q

I. Borrelia - Lyme’s borreliosis
12C. What happen in secondary borreliosis

A

secondary borreliosis: early disseminatipn
- secondary skin lesions
- migrating arthritis
- fatigue
* cranial nerve paresis (for e.g. facial paresis)
- cardiac arrhythmia
(Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii)

19
Q

I. Borrelia - Lyme’s borreliosis
12D. What happen in tertiary borreliosis

A

tertiary borreliosis: late persisting / late disseminated
- acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, encephalopathy
- polyneuritis
- fatigue
- joint pain
(Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii)

20
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
12. What is the disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

Lyme’s borreliosis (3 stages)
- primary borreliosis
- secondary borreliosis
- tertiary borreliosis:

21
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
13A. What is the diagnosis for disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii

A
  • based on clinical signs and symptoms, patient history!
  • sampling: blood (for serology), CSF if neurological symptoms are present
  • laboratory: serology (ELISA), immunoblot for confirmation
21
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
12. What is the disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

Lyme’s borreliosis (3 stages)
- primary borreliosis
- secondary borreliosis
- tertiary borreliosis:

22
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
13B. How do we do laboratory for diagnosis of diseases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A

serology (ELISA), immunoblot for confirmation

23
Q

I. Borrelia - Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii
14. What is the empirical therapy for diseases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, B. garnii?

A
  • penicillins (aminopenicillins, for e.g. amoxicillin)
  • tetracyclins
  • cephalosporins (3. gen cephalosporin: ceftriaxon) in neuroborreliosis
24
Q

II. Leptospira
1. What are the main features of Leptospira?

A
  • Spirochetes, thin with hooks,
    question-mark shaped
  • Too thin to visualize but
  • Gram Negative (-) cell envelope
25
Q

II. Leptospira
1. What are the main features of Leptospira?

A
  • Spirochetes, thin with hooks,
    question-mark shaped
  • Too thin to visualize but
  • Gram Negative (-) cell envelope
25
Q

II. Leptospira
2. What is the important species of Leptospira

A

Leptospira interrogans

25
Q

II. Leptospira
3. What are the serotypes of Leptospira interrogans?

26
Q

II. Leptospira
4. What is the source of infection of Leptospira interrogans?

A

infected / carrier animals (rodens mainly)

27
Q

II. Leptospira
5. What is the route of transmission of Leptospira interrogans?

A

direct inoculation through skin / mucous lesions
- inoculation with contaminated soil, water

28
Q

II. Leptospira
6A. What is the disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

29
Q

II. Leptospira
6B. What are the features of mild form of disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

A

mild form (”field fever”, „harvest fever”):
* fever
* muscle pain
* flue-like symptoms
* conjunctivitis

30
Q

II. Leptospira
6B. What are the features of mild form of disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

A

mild form (”field fever”, „harvest fever”):
* fever
* muscle pain
* flue-like symptoms
* conjunctivitis

31
Q

II. Leptospira
6C. What are the features of severe form (Weil’s disease) of disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

A
  • fever
  • muscle pain
  • flue-like symptoms
  • conjunctivitis
  • liver failure
  • kidney failure
  • coagulopathies
32
Q

II. Leptospira
7A. What is the diagnosis for disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

33
Q

II. Leptospira
7B. How do we do sampling to diagnose the disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

A

blood culture, blood (for serology), urine, CSF

34
Q

II. Leptospira
7C. How do we do laboratory to diagnose the disease caused by Leptospira interrogans?

35
Q

II. Leptospira
8. What is the empirical therapy for Leptospira interrogans?

A
  • tetracyclines
  • penicillins (lack of evidence)

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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