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AA Microbio Semifinal > II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 24. Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae > Flashcards

II-A. Systemic Bacteriology | 24. Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae Flashcards

1
Q

I. Mycoplasma
1. What are the general features of Mycoplasma genus?

A
  • pleomorphic bacteria, lack of cell wall, sterols in cell membrane
  • natural (intrinsic) resistance to cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotics
  • fastidious bacteria
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2
Q

I. Mycoplasma
2. What are the important species of Mycoplasma genus?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
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3
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
3. What is the route of transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

through respiratory droplets

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4
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
4. What are the diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

diseases: are usually mild
- pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis
- atypical pneumonia (especially in adults)

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5
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
5. What is the pathomechanism of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A
  • attaches to respiratory epithelial cells via its P1 adhesins and inhibits ciliary movement, triggering inflammation
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6
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6A. What is the diagnosis for diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

diseases: are usually mild
- pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis
- atypical pneumonia (especially in adults)

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7
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6B. How do we do sampling for disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

sputum (rarely present) or BAL, throat swab, blood (for serology)

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8
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
6C. How do we do laboratory for disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

aboratory: culturing (rarely), PCR
- ELISA (detection of anti-Mycoplasma antibodies 2-3 weeks after the onset of symptoms!)

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9
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma pneumoniae
7. What is the therapy for disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

macrolides, tetracyclins, fluoroquinolons

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10
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
8. What is the feature of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis?

A

may colonise the genital tracts of females and males

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11
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
9. What is the route of transmission of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis?

A

through sexual intercourse

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12
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
10. What are the diseases caused by Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis?

A
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13
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
11. what is the diagnoses for diseases caused by Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis?

A
  • based on clinical signs and symptoms (significance in asymptomatic cases is still a question)
  • sampling: cervical swab, urethra swab, semen
  • laboratory: culturing, PCR
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14
Q

I. Mycoplasma - Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis
12. what is the empirical therapy for diseases caused by Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis?

A
  • tetracyclins (doxycyclin), fluoroquinolons (levofloxacin), or lincosamids (clindamycin)
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15
Q

II. Chlamydia genus
1. What are the features of Chlamydia genus?

A
  • strict intracellular bacteria
  • have LPS, but their cell wall lacks peptidoglycans (considered Gram-negative)
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16
Q

II. Chlamydia genus
2. What is the life cycle of Chlamydia genus?

A

Complicated life cycle:
- extracellular elementary body infects host cell
=> reticulate bodies and inclusion bodies ar formed in the host cell
=> 1-3 days later new elementery bodies are formed
=> lysis of host cell, release of new elementary bodies

17
Q

II. Chlamydia genus
3. What are the important species of Chlamydia genus?

A
  • Chlamydia trachomatis
  • Chlamydia pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia psittaci
18
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis
4. What are the features of Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

different serotypes are known ➡ different routes of transmission, different diseases
- A-C serotypes: pathogens of trachoma (chronic conjunctivitis)
- D-K serotypes: pathogens of urogenital infections (discharge, fibrosis, infertility)
- L1-L3 serotypes : pathogens of lymphogranuloma venereum (ulcers, lymphadenopathy)

19
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - A-C serotypes
5A. What is the route of transmission of A-C serotypes - Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

through direct contact (or through contaminated water)

20
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - A-C serotypes
5B. What is the disease caused by A-C serotypes - Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Trachoma (chronic, fibrotising conjunctivitis)
- one of the leading causes of blindness in developing regions

21
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - A-C serotypes
5C. What is the diagnoses for disease caused by A-C serotypes - Chlamydia trachomatis?

A
  • based on clinical signs and symptoms
  • sampling: conjunctiva swab
  • laboratory: PCR
22
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - D-K serotypes
6A. What is the route of transmission of D-K serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A

usually through sexual intercourse

23
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - D-K serotypes
6B. What are the diseases caused by D-K serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A
  • males: urethritis, prostatitis, proctitis, conjunctivitis
  • females: cervicitis, salpingitis, endometritis, conjunctivitis
24
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - D-K serotypes
6C. What is the diagnosis for diseases caused by D-K serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A
  • based on clinical signs and symptoms
  • sampling: based on clinical symptoms (urethra, cervix, etc)
  • laboratory: PCR
25
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - L1-L2 serotypes
7A What is the the route of transmission of L1-L2 serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A

usually through sexual intercourse

26
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - L1-L2 serotypes
7B. What is the disease caused by L1-L2 serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A
27
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis - L1-L2 serotypes
7C. What is the DIAGNOSIS for disease caused by L1-L2 serotypes (Chlamydia trachomatis)?

A
28
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia trachomatis
8. What is the EMPIRICAL THERAPY for disease caused by all Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes?

A
  • macrolides (azithromycin)
  • tetracyclines (especially in ano-rectal symptoms, or in chronic cases)
29
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia pneumoniae
9. What is Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

respiratory pathogen

30
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia pneumoniae
10. What is the route of transmission of Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

via respiratory droplets

31
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia pneumoniae
11. What are the diseases caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

pharyngitis, laryngitis, atypical pneumonia

32
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia pneumoniae
12. What is the diagnoses for the diseases caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A
33
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia pneumoniae
13. What is the empirical therapy for the diseases caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A
  • supportive (fluid therapy, O2 / ventillation – if necessary)
  • macrolides (azithromycin)
  • tetracyclines
  • fluoroquinolons (levofloxacin)
34
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia psittaci
14. What is Chlamydia psittaci?

A

zoonotic respiratory pathogen

35
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia psittaci
15. What is the source of infection of Chlamydia psittaci?

A

birds (poultry, parrots)

36
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia psittaci
16. What is the disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci?

A

atypical pneumonia

37
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia psittaci
17. What is the diagnosis for disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci?

A
38
Q

II. Chlamydia genus - Chlamydia psittaci
18. What is the empirical therapy for disease caused by Chlamydia psittaci?

A
  • supportive (fluid therapy, O2 / ventillation – if necessary)
  • macrolides (azithromycin)
  • tetracyclines
  • fluoroquinolons (levofloxacin)

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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