II.C - Parasitology | 29. Fasciola hepatica, Tenia saginata, T. solium, Echinoccoccus granulosus

Question 1

I. FASCIOLA HEPATICA
1. What are the features of fasciola hepatica?

Answer 1

FASCIOLA HEPATICA – liver fluke
- Fluke: 5 cm, leaf shaped flatworm
- Flukes resides in biliary tract – occlusion

Question 2

I. FASCIOLA HEPATICA
2. How does fasciola hepatica spread?

Answer 2

Spread: Drinking contaminated freshwater; water plants

Question 3

I. FASCIOLA HEPATICA
3. Symptoms of fasciola hepatica?

Answer 3

Abdominal pain, jaundice, hepatomegaly

Question 4

I. FASCIOLA HEPATICA
4. Diagnosis of fasciola hepatica?

Answer 4

microscopy of stool – eggs

Question 5

I. FASCIOLA HEPATICA
4. Treatment of fasciola hepatica?

Answer 5

Triclabendazole

Question 6

II. TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM
1. What are the features of TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM?

Answer 6

• 5-10 m long flatworm

Question 7

II. TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM
2. How does TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM spread?

Answer 7

Spread: undercooked beef meat with larva in it in cysts
- Matures into adult worm in large intestine

Question 8

II. TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM
3. What are the symptoms of TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM?

Answer 8

asymptomatic / abdominal pain, weight loss

Question 9

II. TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM
4. What is the diagnosis of TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM?

Answer 9

microscopy of stool for detection of eggs

Question 10

II. TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM
5. What is the treatment for TENIA SAGINATA - BEEF TAPEWORM?

Answer 10

Praziquantel or niclosamide

Question 11

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
1. What are the features of TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM?

Answer 11

Adult: 2-3 m long flat tapeworm

Question 12

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
2. What are the 2 diseases caused by T. solium?

Answer 12

Question 13

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
3. What are the features of INTESTINAL TAENIASIS?

Answer 13

Via eating undercooked pork meat
→ adult develops in large intestine
→ asymptomatic / abdominal pain, weight loss

Question 14

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
4. What are the features of CYSTICERCOSIS?

Answer 14

• Via human feces contamination, eating the egg of the helmint
  → larva will develop in human host
• Wander around in the body, then settle down in cyst
• Symptoms develop on the location of the cyst in tissue

Question 15

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
5. What is the diagnosis for T. solium?

Answer 15

1. Intestinal taeniasis: microscopy of stool for eggs
2. Cysticercosis: Serology

Question 16

III. TENIA SOLIUM - PORK TAPEWORM
6. What is the treatment for T. solium?

Answer 16

Praziquantel or niclosamide

Question 17

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
1. What are the features of Echinoccoccus granulosus?

Answer 17

→ CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS - CE Short tapeworm

Question 18

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
2. How is Echinoccoccus granulosus transmitted?

Answer 18

• Hand-to-mouth, with feces of dogs, foxes, wolfes….
• From fur, dirt, sand, food, water
• Larval stage will develop in human tissue!! – not a GI infection in humans

Question 19

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
3. What is the disease caused by Echinoccoccus granulosus?

Answer 19

CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS

Question 20

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
4. What are the features of cystic echinococcosis?

Answer 20

Question 21

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
5. What is the diagnosis for Echinoccoccus granulosus?

Answer 21

Serology!
(The worm does not leave the human body in any sample)

Question 22

IV. Echinoccoccus granulosus
6. What is the treatment for Echinoccoccus granulosus?

Answer 22

1. Albendazole
2. Surgical removemal - very carefully!

Rupture of cyst can lead to anaphylaxis