III - A. Virology | 14. Orthomyxoviruses and Coronaviruses Flashcards
I. Principle of RNA viruses
1. What are the features of RNA viruses?
RNA genome
1. Variable replication strategies
2. Easier to discuss based on affected organ systems
- respiratory tract infections
- enteral infections (hepatites)
- nervous system infections
- retroviruses
I. Principle of RNA viruses
2. Make a schematic diagram of RNA viruses
II. Respiratory tract infections
1. What are the 5 viral groups that cause Respiratory tract infections?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
1. What are the virus belongs to Orthomyxoviridae group?
Influenza A, B and C virus
III. Orthomyxoviridae
2. What are the genetic material and morphology of Influenza A, B and C virus?
1/ - ssRNA genome, segmented (multiple RNAs!)
- reassortation (genetic shift) is possible!
2/ pleomorphic shape (sphere or elongated)
- helical capsid
- enveloped virus
III. Orthomyxoviridae
3. What does the virion of Influenza A, B and C virus contain?
the virion contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
and, the matrix proteins (M1, M2)
III. Orthomyxoviridae
4. What are the surface proteins of nfluenza A, B and C virus?
- neuraminidase (NA)
- hemagglutini (HA)
III. Orthomyxoviridae
5. What is the classification of Orthomyxoviridae group based on?
classification is based on M proteins
=> A, B and C influenza viruses
III. Orthomyxoviridae
6. What are the subtypes of influenza virus?
A can be subdivided based on HA and NA
- HA has 16 subtypes
- NA has 9 subtypes
- their changes cause pandemics
(* neuraminidase (NA)
* hemagglutini (HA))
III. Orthomyxoviridae
7. How can mutants of Influenza A, B and C virus emerge?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
8. What is the source of infection of Influenza A, B and C virus?
- infected person
- infected animal
III. Orthomyxoviridae
9. What is the route of transmission of Influenza A, B and C virus?
- through respiratory droplets
- direct contacts
III. Orthomyxoviridae
10. What is the pathomechanism of Influenza A, B and C virus?
- Binds to sialic acid mainly on the cell surface of respiratory epithelial cells
- Endocytosis
- The decrease of pH in the endosome leads to the release of the genome (M2 protein!)
- Assembled virion leaves the host cell through budding => leads to cell lysis!
- NA inhibits the aggregation of newly produced virions
!! neuraminidase (NA)
III. Orthomyxoviridae
11. What are the signs and symptoms of Influenza A, B and C virus?
- 1-5 days of incubation period
- infected becomes contagious 1-2 days before the symptoms appear
- sudden onset of symptoms
III. Orthomyxoviridae
12. What are the complications of Influenza A, B and C virus?
- pneumonia
- Reye-syndrome
III. Orthomyxoviridae
13. What is the diagnosis for Influenza A, B and C virus?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
14A. What is the therapy for Influenza A, B and C virus?
- Usually antiviral treatment is not needed
- Bedrest, increased fluid intake, antipyretics
- Antiviral drugs for severe cases (amantadin, oseltamivir)
III. Orthomyxoviridae
14C. How does amantadin, rimantadin work?
- against certain type A influenza viruses
- inhibits decapsidation through the inhibition of the M2 protein
III. Orthomyxoviridae
14D. How does oseltamivir, zanamivir work?
- NA inhibitor
- results in abortive replication cycle
III. Orthomyxoviridae
15. What is the prevention for Influenza A, B and C virus
III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA A VIRUS?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA B VIRUS
IV. Coronaviruses
1. What are the genetic material and morphology of Coronaviruses?
- Enveloped, 100 nm, helical nucleocapsid, crown-like appaerance
- Circular (+)ssRNA genome
- Infects mammals and birds
IV. Coronaviruses
2. What are the diseases caused by Coronaviruses?
IV. Coronaviruses
4. What are the features of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)?
IV. Coronaviruses
5. What are the features of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV)?
IV. Coronaviruses
6, What is the diagnosis for Coronaviruses?
- based on signs and symptoms
- antigen tests (fecal sample)
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
8. What are the features of SARS-CoV2?
- SARS-CoV2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 – official name of the virus
- Belongs to β-coronaviruses - SARS-CoV-2: 79.5% genomic identity to SARS-CoV
- Origin: bats
- 96.2% identity to a bat coronavirus
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
9. What is the structure of SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
10. What is the transmission of SARS-CoV2?
- Mainly with respiratory droplets / also hand to face contact /from fomites
- Incubation period: usually ∼ 5 days
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
11. What are the effects of SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
12. What is the Clinical presentation of SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
14. What are the variants of SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
15. What is the diagnosis of SARS-CoV2?
- Sample:
- Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)
- Oropharyneal swab (OP)
- Lower respiratory tract specimens - Nucleic detection
- Serology
- VIRUS ISOLATION & CULTURE
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
18. Explain SEROLOGY of SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
20. What is the treatment for SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
21. What are the antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
23. What is the vaccination for SARS-CoV2?
IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
24. What are the principles of SARS-CoV2 vaccines?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA A VIRUS?
III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA B VIRUS
