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AA Microbio Semifinal > III - A. Virology | 14. Orthomyxoviruses and Coronaviruses > Flashcards

III - A. Virology | 14. Orthomyxoviruses and Coronaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

I. Principle of RNA viruses
1. What are the features of RNA viruses?

A

RNA genome
1. Variable replication strategies
2. Easier to discuss based on affected organ systems
- respiratory tract infections
- enteral infections (hepatites)
- nervous system infections
- retroviruses

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2
Q

I. Principle of RNA viruses
2. Make a schematic diagram of RNA viruses

A
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3
Q

II. Respiratory tract infections
1. What are the 5 viral groups that cause Respiratory tract infections?

A
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4
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
1. What are the virus belongs to Orthomyxoviridae group?

A

Influenza A, B and C virus

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5
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
2. What are the genetic material and morphology of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A

1/ - ssRNA genome, segmented (multiple RNAs!)
- reassortation (genetic shift) is possible!

2/ pleomorphic shape (sphere or elongated)
- helical capsid
- enveloped virus

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6
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
3. What does the virion of Influenza A, B and C virus contain?

A

the virion contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
and, the matrix proteins (M1, M2)

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7
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
4. What are the surface proteins of nfluenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • neuraminidase (NA)
  • hemagglutini (HA)
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8
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
5. What is the classification of Orthomyxoviridae group based on?

A

classification is based on M proteins
=> A, B and C influenza viruses

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9
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
6. What are the subtypes of influenza virus?

A

A can be subdivided based on HA and NA
- HA has 16 subtypes
- NA has 9 subtypes
- their changes cause pandemics

(* neuraminidase (NA)
* hemagglutini (HA))

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10
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
7. How can mutants of Influenza A, B and C virus emerge?

A
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11
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
8. What is the source of infection of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • infected person
  • infected animal
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12
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
9. What is the route of transmission of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • through respiratory droplets
  • direct contacts
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13
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
10. What is the pathomechanism of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • Binds to sialic acid mainly on the cell surface of respiratory epithelial cells
  • Endocytosis
  • The decrease of pH in the endosome leads to the release of the genome (M2 protein!)
  • Assembled virion leaves the host cell through budding => leads to cell lysis!
  • NA inhibits the aggregation of newly produced virions

!! neuraminidase (NA)

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14
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
11. What are the signs and symptoms of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • 1-5 days of incubation period
  • infected becomes contagious 1-2 days before the symptoms appear
  • sudden onset of symptoms
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15
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
12. What are the complications of Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  1. pneumonia
  2. Reye-syndrome
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16
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
13. What is the diagnosis for Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
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17
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
14A. What is the therapy for Influenza A, B and C virus?

A
  • Usually antiviral treatment is not needed
  • Bedrest, increased fluid intake, antipyretics
  • Antiviral drugs for severe cases (amantadin, oseltamivir)
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18
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
14C. How does amantadin, rimantadin work?

A
  • against certain type A influenza viruses
  • inhibits decapsidation through the inhibition of the M2 protein
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19
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
14D. How does oseltamivir, zanamivir work?

A
  • NA inhibitor
  • results in abortive replication cycle
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20
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
15. What is the prevention for Influenza A, B and C virus

21
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA A VIRUS?

22
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA B VIRUS

23
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA C & D VIRUSES?

A
  • Mostly infect animals – pigs, cattle
24
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
1. What are the genetic material and morphology of Coronaviruses?

A
  • Enveloped, 100 nm, helical nucleocapsid, crown-like appaerance
  • Circular (+)ssRNA genome
  • Infects mammals and birds
25
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
2. What are the diseases caused by Coronaviruses?

26
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
3, What are the 2 major Coronaviruses?

A
  • SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
  • MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
27
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
4. What are the features of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)?

28
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
5. What are the features of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV)?

29
Q

IV. Coronaviruses
6, What is the diagnosis for Coronaviruses?

A
  • based on signs and symptoms
  • antigen tests (fecal sample)
30
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
8. What are the features of SARS-CoV2?

A
  • SARS-CoV2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 – official name of the virus
  • Belongs to β-coronaviruses - SARS-CoV-2: 79.5% genomic identity to SARS-CoV
  • Origin: bats
  • 96.2% identity to a bat coronavirus
31
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
9. What is the structure of SARS-CoV2?

32
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
10. What is the transmission of SARS-CoV2?

A
  • Mainly with respiratory droplets / also hand to face contact /from fomites
  • Incubation period: usually ∼ 5 days
33
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
11. What are the effects of SARS-CoV2?

34
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
12. What is the Clinical presentation of SARS-CoV2?

35
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
14. What are the variants of SARS-CoV2?

36
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
15. What is the diagnosis of SARS-CoV2?

A
  1. Sample:
    - Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)
    - Oropharyneal swab (OP)
    - Lower respiratory tract specimens
  2. Nucleic detection
  3. Serology
  4. VIRUS ISOLATION & CULTURE
37
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
16. What are the samples to detect SARS-CoV2?

A
  • Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)
  • Oropharyneal swab (OP)
  • Lower respiratory tract specimens
38
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
17. Explain NUCLEIC ACID DETECTION of SARS-CoV2?

A
  • RT-qPCR (NAAT) – detection of SARS-CoV2 specific genes sequences Fast, most reliable method, specific and sensitive
39
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
18. Explain SEROLOGY of SARS-CoV2?

40
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
19. Explain VIRUS ISOLATION & CULTURE

A
  • From sputum or other sample
  • On cell lines
  • For research use only
41
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
20. What is the treatment for SARS-CoV2?

42
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
21. What are the antiviral drugs for SARS-CoV2?

43
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
22. What is the prevention for SARS-CoV2?

A
  • Hand hygiene, masking, isolation, distancing
44
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
23. What is the vaccination for SARS-CoV2?

45
Q

IV. Coronaviruses - SARS-CoV2
24. What are the principles of SARS-CoV2 vaccines?

46
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA A VIRUS?

47
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA C & D VIRUSES?

A
  • Mostly infect animals – pigs, cattle
48
Q

III. Orthomyxoviridae
What are the features of INFLUENZA B VIRUS

AA Microbio Semifinal (99 decks)

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